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TERJE  VIKEN 


HENRIK  IBSEN 


HENRIK  IBSEN'S 

TERJE  VIKEN 

Edited  with 

INTRODUCTION,  NOTES  AND 
VOCABULARY 

by 
Maren  Michelet,  B.  L. 

Instructor  in  Norse  in  the  South  High  School, 
Minneapolis,  Minn., 


Guy  Richard  Vowles,  M.  A.  (Oxon.) 

Professor  of 

Latin  Language  and  Literature 
at  Fargo  College 


MNNEAPOL1S.  MINN. 

The  Free  Church  Book  Concern 

1918 


COPYRIGHT  1918 

by 

THE  FREE  CHURCH  BOOK 
CONCERN 


FOREWORD 

In  presenting  this  little  school  text  of  Ibsen's 
Terje  Viken  for  use  in  secondary  schools, 
colleges,  seminaries  and  universities  the  editors 
sincerely  hope  to  supply  a  want  long  felt.  Terje 
Viken  is  one  of  the  most  popular  and  best  known 
classic  poems  in  the  Norse  language.  Nearly 
every  boy  and  girl  in  Norway  who  is  at  all 
versed  in  Norse  literature  is  familiar  with  it, 
just  as  every  English  boy  and  girl  knows  Tenny- 
son's Enoch  Arden. 

Owing  to  the  lack  of  a  convenient  text  it  is 
little  known  to  those  who  study  the  Norse  lan- 
guage in  this  country.  It  is  worthy  of  far 
greater  recognition  than  it  has  hitherto  received. 
May  it  prove  a  source  of  pleasure  and  profit 
where  it  makes  its  advent. 

Being  a  story  of  the  sea,  the  poem  abounds 
in  nautical  terms  and  many  poetic  turns  of  fancy, 
rendering  it  difficult  for  students  unaided  to 
make  a  detailed  and  intelligent  study  of  it.  Real- 
izing this  the  editors  have  compiled  with  care  a 
complete  vocabulary,  supplemented  by  ample 
notes  bearing  on  nautical  terms,  unusual  con- 
structions and  historical  data. 

The  text,  as  far  as  rime  and  meter  would 
allow,  has  been  revised  in  accordance  with 


2029030 


VI  TERJE   VIKEN 

S.  Juell  T0nnessen's  Retskrivnings-Ordbok  over 
det  norske  Riksmaal  (1915)  ;  Brynildsen's  Norsk- 
Engelsk  Ordbog  (1917)  has,  however,  been  fre- 
quently consulted  in  compiling  the  vocabulary. 
Among  the  books  to  which  the  editors  are 
indebted  for  valuable  suggestions  may  be  men- 
tioned Digte  for  Middelskolen*  by  Kr.  Lassen 
and  B.  Pauss,  Norske  Digte**  by  Nordahl  Rolf- 
sen  and  Lcesebok  i  morsmaalet***  by  Broch  and 
Seip. 

MAREN  MICHELET 
GUY  RICHARD  VOWLES 

August  28,   1917. 


*  Cammermeyers  Boghandel,  Christiania,  1899. 
**  Jacob    Dybvads    Forlag,    Christiania,    1913. 
***  J.   W.    Cappelens    Forlag,   Christiania,   1911. 


INTRODUCTION 

Henrik  Ibsen  was  born  March  20,  1828,  in 
Skien,  Norway.  His  father  was  a  merchant  be- 
longing to  an  old  Danish  skipper  family  which 
had  immigrated  to  western  Norway  about  the 
year  1720.  His  mother  belonged  to  a  German 
family,  which,  a  few  generations  back,  had  come 
to  Norway  and  settled  there.  Scotch  blood,  too, 
had  in  the  course  of  time  been  mingled  with  the 
Danish  and  the  German.  Norse  admixture  might 
possibly  be  traced  back  on  the  mother's  side. 

In  spite  of  his  foreign  extraction  Ibsen  was 
distinctively  Norwegian,  even  characterized  as 
being  "peculiarly  Norse".  He  became  the  torch- 
bearer  of  his  own  little  people,  and  the  life  of 
the  small  fatherland  was  the  one  subject  on 
which  he  wrote.  The  flame  from  his  torch  shone 
far  out  over  the  world  and  has  opened  the  eyes 
not  only  of  his  own  countrymen,  but  of  all 
literary  Europe  and  even  more  remote  realms 
across  the  seas. 

There  was  a  sharp  contrast  in  the  tempera- 
ments of  Ibsen's  parents.  The  father  was  austere, 
yet  cheerful,  vivacious  and  sociable;  the  mother 
was  morose,  shy,  reticent  and  reserved.  The 
father  was  witty;  his  keen  wit  was  of  the  good- 
natured  sort,  but  his  sarcasm  was  biting  at  times. 

7 


VIII  TERJE    VIKEN 

His  fellow  citizens  felt  it  and  feared  his  cutting 
remarks.  Of  the  mother  one  of  the  children 
once  wrote:  "She  was  a  quiet,  lovable  woman, 
the  soul  of  the  household,  and  everything  to  her 
husband  and  children.  It  was  not  in  her  to  be 
bitter  and  reproachful." 

It  is  quite  certain  that  Ibsen's  satire  and  wit 
were  deeply  rooted  in  the  old  merchant.  On 
the  other  hand  we  may  readily  trace  the  idealism 
and  morose  underlying  sentiments  which  per- 
meate all  Ibsen's  works  to  his  mother. 

When  Henrik  Ibsen  was  born  his  father 
was  a  prosperous  merchant.  The  two-story 
corner  building  facing  the  town  square,  and  in 
the  heart  of  the  town,  was  the  scene  of  a  thrifty 
trade  and  the  center  of  much  sociability. 

When  Henrik,  the  eldest  of  the  children,  was 
in  his  eighth  year  there  came  an  abrupt  end  to 
all  this  glory.  Merchant  Ibsen  failed  in  business 
and  lost  everything  but  a  small  countryseat  near 
the  outskirts  of  the  town.  He  withdrew  with  his 
family  to  this  place  and  there  led  a  lonely,  se- 
cluded, rural  life  in  the  struggle  for  an  existence. 

The  young  Henrik  seemed  to  have  no  play- 
mates in  his  country  home.  He  did  not  join  his 
younger  brothers  and  sisters  in  their  play,  but 
withdrew  to  his  little  room  near  the  kitchen  and 
securely  fastened  the  door.  There  he  dwelt  in 
his  own  little  world.  He  read  the  old  Icelandic 


INTRODUCTION  IX 

sagas,  made  sketches,  constructed  a  little  theatre 
and  there  enacted  his  childish  dramas. 

His  brothers  and  sisters  thought  him  tedious 
because  he  would  not  join  them  in  their  noisy 
play,  and  would  often  disturb  him,  bombarding 
his  little  workshop.  A  wild  chase  about  the 
house  and  yard  followed,  in  which  Henrik  was 
the  fierce  pursuer.  But  he  soon  tired  of  the 
chase  and  returned  to  his  little  retreat. 

He  went  to  school  at  Skien  for  a  while,  but 
as  soon  as  he  was  confirmed  he  was  obliged  to 
shift  for  himself.  He  was  sent  to  a  small  coast 
town  called  Grimstad,  where  he  became  an  ap- 
prentice to  the  sole  apothecary  of  the  place. 

This  dwarf  hamlet  on  the  rocks  out  among 
the  breakers,  away  from  the  hustle  and  bustle  of 
the  busy  outer  world,  was  a  tedious,  sleepy  little 
place.  The  only  thing  which  was  great,  inspir- 
ing, overwhelming  was  the  ocean  which  rolled 
and  roared  without.  It  was  the  one  mighty  factor 
which  produced  powerful  impressions  on  the 
still  slumbering  genius  of  the  young  Ibsen. 

"By  the  sea  where  the  poet 
Sees  imaged  his  flight," 

as  limned  by  himself,  he  undoubtedly  formed 
those  impressions  of  the  ocean  and  seaman's  life 
that  later  crystalized  into  the  powerful  epic  poem 
Terje  Viken  appearing  in  1860.  The  scenes 


X  TERJE   VIKEN 

pictured  in  this  narrative  are  all  laid  in  familiar 
places  near  and  about  Grimstad.  Ibsen's  famil- 
iarity with  these  localities  may  not  have  been  the 
only  reason  for  choosing  them.  A  personal  in- 
terest may  also  have  been  a  consideration.  His 
grandfather,  like  his  great-grandfather  and  his 
great-great-grandfather,  had  been  a  skipper.  He 
commanded  and  owned  his  ship.  Once  in  a 
storm  he  with  every  soul  on  board  went  down 
with  the  ship  off  Hesnes,  near  Grimstad.  Only 
fragments,  including  the  name  board  of  the  ves- 
sel, drifted  ashore,  and  told  the  story  of  the 
disaster. 

The  monotonous  life  of  this  little  out-of-the- 
way  corner  of  the  world,  the  antiquated  indi- 
viduals who  dwelt  there,  and  the  trivial  affairs 
about  which  all  their  interests  centered  soon  be- 
came the  target  for  Ibsen's  wit  and  satire. 

He  became  a  close  student  of  human  nature, 
and  the  many  observations  he  made  gave  him 
rich  stores  from  which  he  later  in  life  drew  many 
of  the  characters  and  scenes  for  his  modern 
dramas. 

The  young  apothecary's  apprentice  had  not 
been  in  Grimstad  long  before  he  began  to  create 
quite  a  stir  and  arouse  a  great  deal  of  bitterness 
by  his  satirical  verses  aimed  at  certain  indi- 
viduals of  the  community. 

While   at  Grimstad  he  also  wrote  his   first 


INTRODUCTION  XI 

drama,  Catilina,  a  feverish  outburst  of  revolu- 
tionary enthusiasm  kindled  to  a  flame  by  the 
thrilling  events  of  1848,  the  revolution  in  France, 
the  uprisings  of  the  Magyars  and  the  war  in  Sles- 
vig-Holstein.  In  the  preface  to  this  his  first 
drama  he  writes :  "I  fell  out  with  many,  on 
account  of  epigrams  and  caricature  sketches,  who 
deserved  better  of  me,  and  whose  friendship  1 
prized  at  heart.  Altogether,  while  a  heavy  storm 
was  raging  without,  I  found  myself  on  a  war- 
footing  with  the  little  community  to  which  I  was 
bound  by  circumstances." 

In  March,  1850,  Ibsen  left  Grimstad  for 
Christiania  to  prepare  for  his  entrance  to  the 
University,  where  he  intended  to  study  medicine. 
Together  with  Vinje,  Bj0rnson,  Lie  and  others 
who  later  gained  eminence  and  renown  as  writers, 
Ibsen  attended  for  a  while  Heltberg's  "student 
factory".  In  the  meantime,  however,  he  lost  all 
interest  in  the  study  of  medicine  and  began  in- 
stead to  delve  in  literature  and  write  verses. 

This  did  not  afford  him  even  a  scant  liveli- 
hood. He  was  obliged  many  a  time  to  go  with- 
out his  meals.  Finally  he  was  engaged  as  direc- 
tor of  the  Norse  theatre  at  Bergen,  where  he 
remained  for  several  years.  Later  he  returned 
to  Christiania  and  held  a  similar  position  at  the 
theatre  there.  During  all  these  years  he  con- 
tinued to  write  and  put  forth  the  one  drama  after 


XII  TERJE   VIKEN 

the  other,  meeting  opposition  and  severe  criti- 
cism each  time  a  new  play  made  its  advent. 

In  1864  he  went  abroad,  dissatisfied  and  dis- 
couraged because  his  literary  achievements  had 
been  accorded  so  little  recognition  and  apprecia- 
tion. From  that  time  on,  for  a  period  of  twenty- 
seven  years,  he  made  but  one  visit  to  the  father- 
land. He  lived  a  life  of  voluntary  exile,  spend- 
ing most  of  the  time  in  Italy  and  Germany. 

His  longing  for  the  land  of  his  birth,  how- 
ever, manifested  itself  in  many  of  his  poems,  and 
he  came  to  feel  that  he  must  see  the  home  land 
once  more.  In  the  poem  Burned  Sh  ips  he  writes 
these  lines  so  full  of  longing: 

"To  the  huts  of  the  snowlands 
Every  night  of  the  year, 
From  these  sunlit  lowlands 
Speeds  a  cavalier." 

(From  William  Morton  Payne's  Henrik  Ibsen.) 

In  1872,  when  Norway  commemorated  the 
thousandth  anniversary  of  Harold  Fairhaired's 
victory  at  Havsfjord,  he  sent  home  his  great 
poem  "For  the  Millennial  Festival"  with  this 
greeting  to  his  people : 

"My  countrymen,  who  made  for  me  to  flow 
That  tonic  draught,  bitter,  but  strong  to  save, 
That  gave  the  poet,  standing  by  his  grave, 


INTRODUCTION  XIII 

New  strength  to  fight  beneath  the  sun's  fierce 

glow, 

Who  then  to  me  the  staff  of  exile  gave, 
Of  fear  the  sandals,  and  the  pack  of  woe; 
Who  sent  me  with  such  outfit  forth  to  roam, 
Here  from  the  world  I  send  this  greeting  home. 

"I  send,  and  thank  you  for  the  griefs  that  harden 
And  cleanse  the  soul  with  flow  of  bitter  tears ; 
For  all  the  flowers  which  bloom  in  life's  rich 

garden 

Are  firmly  rooted  in  those  bygone  years ; 
That  here  in  full  luxuriant  life  they  grow 
To  chilling  blasts  sent  from  afar  they  owe; 
Mist-nurtured,  in  the  sun  they  here  expand, 
For  these  best  gifts  I  thank  my  native  land." 

(From  William  Morton  Payne's  Henrib  Ibsen.) 

In  1891  Ibsen  became  suddenly  possessed  with 
an  intense  longing  to  visit  Norway  again,  and  to 
see  once  more  the  mountains,  the  fjords  and  the 
enchanted  far  north.  After  a  summer's  cruise 
in  northern  waters  he  returned  to  Christiania. 
He  prolonged  his  stay  there  week  after  week, 
month  after  month,  until  Norway  one  day  awoke 
to  the  realization  that  her  great  and  gifted  son 
had  come  home  to  stay,  to  spend  in  serenity  and 
quietude  the  eventide  of  life,  beloved  and  honor- 
ed by  the  whole  nation. 

The  Norwegian  people  paid  him  all  possible 


XIV  TERJE    VIKEN  .    • 

homage.  If  they  had  formerly  shown  him  a  lack 
of  appreciation,  he  now  received  so  much  the 
more  recognition,  and  each  new  work  from  his 
pen  was  awaited  with  intense  expectations. 

Ibsen  ranks  high  as  a  lyric  poet.  His  songs 
excel  in  both  form  and  content.  Woven  into  his 
dramas  are  many  of  the  most  beautiful  lyrics  to 
be  found  in  the  Norse  tongue.  Among  them 
may  be  mentioned  Agnes  in  Brand,  Solveig's 
Song  in  Peer  Gynt,  The  Cradle  Song  in  The 
Pretenders  and  0rnulf's  Draapa  in  The  War- 
riors. Other  poems  worthy  of  mention  here  are 
The  Eider  Duck,  The  Miner,  Fear  of  Light, 
King  Haakon's  Guild  Hall,  For  the  Millennial 
Festival  and  his  longer  epic  Terje  Viken  appear- 
ing in  this  text. 

But  it  is  as  a  dramatist  that  Ibsen  has  reached 
the  highest  pinnacle  and  won  the  greatest  re- 
nown. His  earliest  dramas  give  us  grand  and 
powerful  pictures  of  Norway's  early  history  re- 
vealed in  a  masterly  way  in  the  saga  style  so 
characteristic  of  the  people  of  the  saga  age. 
Among  these  historical  dramas  may  be  men- 
tioned Fru  Inger  at  0steraat,  The  Warriors  and 
The  Pretenders. 

Emperor  and  Galilean  is  one  of  the  very  few 
of  his  works  which  take  their  themes  from 
universal  history ;  it  portrays  the  desperate  strug- 
gle of  heathendom  against  Christianity. 


INTRODUCTION  XV 

Beginning  with  Love's  Comedy,  which  ap- 
peared even  earlier  than  The  Pretenders,  Ibsen 
presents  to  his  readers  his  modern  dramas  of 
romanticism  written  in  blank  verse.  Brand  and 
Peer  Gynt  are  the  other  two  dramas  of  this 
group  and  constitute  the  very  essence  of  his  art. 

Henceforth  Ibsen  appears  as  a  realist  and 
uses  as  his  medium  of  expression  the  simple 
modern  prose  form  of  the  Norse  language.  In 
creating  the  problem  plays  he  ventured  into 
greater  and  broader  fields,  bringing  messages 
equally  vital  to  all  humanity. 

The  League  of  Youth  marks  the  advent  of 
realism  in  Ibsen's  writings.  A  long  series  of 
dramas  follows  it,  each  succeeding  one  being 
more  eagerly  awaited  than  the  preceding.  Among 
them  may  be  mentioned :  Pillars  of  Society,  A 
Doll's  House,  Ghosts,  An  Enemy  of  the  People, 
The  Wild  Duck,  Rosmersholm,  The  Lady  from 
the  Sea,  Hedda  Gablcr,  The  Master  Builder  and 
others.  When  We  Dead  Awake  was  his  last 
word  to  the  world  that  he  had  puzzled  with  his 
doubts  and  his  mysterious  problems. 

Ibsen  died  in  Christiania  May  23,  1906,  and 
was  laid  to  rest  there.  Representatives  from 
far  and  near  came  to  pay  him  their  tribute.  In 
foreign  lands  memorial  tablets  mark  the  homes 
where  he  has  dwelt  and  written  the  great  master- 
pieces which  have  immortalized  his  name. 


XVI  INTRODUCTION 

References: 

So  extensive  indeed  are  the  writings  about 
Ibsen  and  his  works  that  no  attempt  will  be  made 
in  this  little  book  to  offer  even  an  approximate 
list  of  references. 

Those  wishing  a  more  detailed  list  are  refer- 
red to  Jaegers  Illustreret  Norsk  Literaturhisto- 
rie,  Volume  III,  pages  709  and  710.  We  wish, 
however,  to  make  particular  mention  here  of  the 
following : 

Henrik  Jaeger:  Henrik  Ibsen  1828—1888.  Et 
litercert  livsbillede.  (Kbhv.  1888)  and  Henrik 
Jaeger :  Henrik  Ibsen  og  hans  varker.  En  frem- 
stilling  i  grundrids.  (Kra.  1892).  The  first  of 
these  two  reference  works  appears  in  an  English 
translation  entitled:  Henrik  Ibsen,  A  Critical 
Biography  by  Henrik  Jazger.  From  the  Nor- 
rvegian  by  William  Morton  Payne.  Published 
by  A.  C.  McClurg  and  Company,  Chicago,  1890. 


TERJE  VIKEN 

I 

Der  bodde  en  underlig  graaspraengt  en 
paa  den  ytterste,  n0gne  0 ;  — 
ban  gjorde  visst  intet  menneske  men 
hverken  paa  land  eller  sj0; 
5  dog  stundom  gnistret  bans  0ine  stygt, 
heist  mot  urolig  veir,  — 
og  da  mente  folk  at  ban  var  forrykt; 
og  da  var  der  faa  som  uten  frygt 
kom  Terje  Viken  nser. 

II 

10  Siden  jeg  saa  ham  en  enkelt  gang, 

ban  laa  ved  bryggen  med  fisk; 

bans  haar  var  hvitt,  men  ban  lo  og  sang 

og  var  som  en  ungdom  frisk. 

Til  pikerne  hadde  ban  skjemtsomme  ord, 
15  ban  sp0kte  med  byens  b0rn, 

ban  svinget  sydvesten  og  sprang  ombord, 

saa  heiste  ban  fokken,  og  hjem  ban  for 

i  solskin,  den  gamle  0rn. 


TERJE  VIKEN 


III 

Nu  skal  jeg  fortaelle  hvad  jeg  bar  h0rt 
20  *om  Terje  fra  f0rst  til  sidst, 

og  skulde  det  stundom  falde  litt  t0rt, 

saa  er  det  dog  sandt  og  visst; 

jeg  bar  det  just  ei  fra  bans  egen  mund, 

men  vel  fra  bans  naermeste  kreds,  — 
25  fra  dem  som  stod  bos  i  bans  sidste  stund 

og  lukket  bans  0ine  til  fredens  blund, 

da  ban  d0de  holt  opp'  i  de  tres. 

IV 

Han  var  i  sin  ungdom  en  vild  krabat, 

kom  tidlig  fra  far  og  mor, 
30  og  hadde  alt  d0iet  mangen  dravat 

som  yngste  jungmand  ombord. 

Siden  han  r^mte  i  Amsterdam, 

men  laengtes  nok  hjem  tilslut, 

og  kom  med  "Foreningen",  kaptein  Pram 
35  men  hjemme  var  ingen  som  kjendte  ham 

der  reiste  som  liten  gut. 


TERJE   VIKEN 


V 
Xu  var  ban  vokset  sig  smuk  og  stor, 

og  var  dertil  en  velklsedt  knegt. 

Men  d0de  var  baade  far  og  mor, 
40  og  sagtens  bans  hele  slegt. 

Han  sturet  en  dag,  ja  kanhaende  to,  — 

men  saa  rystet  ban  sorgen  av. 

Han  fandt  ei,  med  landjorden  under  sig,  ro; 

nei,  da  var  det  bedre  at  bygge  og  bo 
45  paa  det  store,  bplgende  hav ! 

VI 

Et  aar  derefter  var  Terje  gift,  — 
det  kom  nok  paa  i  en  hast. 
Folk  mente  ban  angret  paa  den  bedrift, 
som  bandt  paa  et  saet  ham  fast. 
50  Saa  levet  ban  under  sit  eget  tag 
en  vinter  i  sus  og  dus, 
skj0nt  ruterne  skinnet  som  klareste  dag, 
med  smaa  gardiner  og  blomster  bag, 
i  det  lille  r0dmalte  bus.    • 


TERJE  .VIKBN 


VII 

55  Da  isen  10snet  for  lindveirsbjzfr, 

gik  Terje  med  briggen  paa  reis; 

om  hasten,  da  graagaasen  fl0i  mot  s0r, 

ban  m0tte  den  underveis. 

Da  faldt  som  en  vegt  paa  matrosens  bryst 
60  ban  kjendte  sig  sterk  og  ung, 

ban  kom  fra  solskinnets  lysende  kyst, 

agter  laa  verden  med  liv  og  lyst,  — 

og  for  baugen  en  vinter  tung. 

VIII 

De  ankret,  og  kammeratene  gik 
65  med  landlov  til  sus  og  dus. 

Han  sendte  dem  endnu  et  Isengselsblik, 

da  ban  stod  ved  sit  stille  bus. 

Han  glyttet  ind  bak  det  hvite  gardin, 

da  saa  ban  i  stuen  to,  — 
70  bans  kone  sat  stille  og  hesplet  lin, 

men  i  vuggen  laa,  frisk  og  r0d  og  fin, 

en  liten  pike  og  lo. 


TERJE  VIKEN 


IX 

Der  sagdes  at  Terjes  sind  med  ett 
fik  alvor  fra  denne  stund. 

75  Han  traellet  og  slet  og  blev  aldrig  trset 
av  at  vugge  sit  barn  i  blund.  , 

Om  s^ndagskvelden,  naar  dansen  klang 
vildt  fra  den  nsermeste  gaard, 
sine  gladeste  viser  ban  hjemme  sang, 

80  mens  lille  Anna  laa  paa  bans  fang 
og  drog  i  bans  brune  haar. 

X 

Saa  lakket  og  led  det  til  krigens  aar 
i  attenhundred  og  ni. 
Endnu  gaar  sagn  om  de  traengselskaar 

85  som  folket  da  stedtes  i. 

Engelske  krydsere  staengte  hver  havn, 
i  landet  var  misvekst  og  n0d, 
den  fattige  sultet,  den  rike  led  savn, 
to  kraftige  armer  var  ingen  til  gavn, 

90  for  djzfren  stod  sott  og  d0d. 


TERJE  VIKEN 


XI 

Da  sturet  Terje  en  dag  eller  to, 
saa  rystet  ban  sorgen  av; 
han  mindtes  en  kj ending,  gammel  og  tro : 
det  store,  bplgende  hav.  — 
95  Der  vester  bar  endnu  bans  gjerning  liv 
i  sagnet,  som  djerveste  daad : 
"Da  vinden  kulet  litt  mindre  stiv, 
Terje  Viken  rodde  for  barn  og  viv 
over  havet  i  aapen  baad !" 

XII 
100  Den  mindste  skjegte  der  var  at  faa, 

blev  valgt  til  bans  Skagensfart. 

Seil  og  mast  lot  han  hjemme  staa,  — 

slikt  tyktes  han  bedst  bevart. 

Han  mente  nok,  Terje,  at  baaten  bar, 
105  om  sj0en  kom  litt  paa  tvers; 

det  jydske  rev  var  vel  svsert  at  gaa  klar, 

men  vserre  den  engelske  "man  of  war" 

med  0rne0ine  fra  mers. 


TERJE   VIKEN 


XIII 

Saa  gav  ban  sig  trjztetig  lykken  i  void 
110  og  tok  til  aarerne  hvast. 

Til  Fladstrand  kom  ban  i  god  behold 

og  hentet  sin  dyre  last. 

Gud  vet  bans  faring  var  ikke  stor: 

tre  tender  byg,  det  var  alt; 
115  men  Terje  kom  fra  en  fattig  jord,  — 

nu  hadde  ban  livsens  frelse  ombord; 

det  var  hustru  og  barn  det  gjaldt. 

XIV 

Tre  naetter  og  dage  til  toften  bandt 

den  sterke,  modige  mand; 
120  den  fjerde  morgen,  da  solen  randt, 

ban  skimtet  en  taaket  rand. 

Det  var  ikke  flygtende  skyer  ban  saa, 

det  var  fjelde  med  tinder  og  skar; 

men  h0it  over  alle  aasene  laa 
125  Imenes-sadlen  bred  og  blaa. 

Da  kjendte  ban  hvor  ban  var. 


TERJE  VIKEN 


XV 

Naer  hj emmet  var  ban;  en  stakket  tid 

ban  holder  endnu  vel  ud ! 

Hans  hjerte  sig  10ftet  i  tro  og  lid, 
130  ban  var  naer  ved  en  b0n  til  Gud. 

Da  var  det  som  ordet  fr0s  paa  bans  mund; 

ban  stirret,  ban  tok  ikke  feil,  — 

gjennem  skodden,  som  lettet  i  samme  stund, 

ban  saa  en  korvet  i  Hesnes-sund 
135  at  duve  for  bakkede  seil. 

XVI 

Baaten  var  r^bet;  der  10d  et  signal, 
og  det  nasrmeste  10p  var  lukt; 
men  solgangsvinden  blafret  skral,  — 
mot  vester  gik  Terjes  flugt. 
140  Da  firte  de  jollen  fra  rselingens  kant, 
ban  h0rte  matrosenes  sang,  — 
med  f^tterne  stemte  mot  skjegtens  spant 
ban  rodde  saa  sj0en  fosset  og  brandt, 
og  blodet  fra  neglene  sprang. 


TERJE   VIKEN 


XVII 

145  Gjaeslingen  kaldes  de  blinde  skjser 

litt  0stenfor  Homborg-sund. 

Der  bryter  det  stygt  i  paalandsveir, 

under  to  fot  vand  er  der  bund. 

Der  sprpiter  det  hvitt,  der  glitrer  det  gult, 
150  selv  stilleste  havbliksdag;  — 

men  gaar  end  d^nningen  aldrig  saa  hult, 

indenfor  er  det  som  tiest  smult, 

med  braekkede  bjzilgedrag. 

XVIII 

Ditind  Terje  Vikens  skjegte  for 
155  lik  en  pil  mellem  brott  og  brand; 

men  bakefter  ham,  i  kj01vandets  spor, 

jog  j  oil  en  med  femten  mand. 

Da  var  det  ban  skrek  gjennem  brsendingens  sus 

til  Gud  i  sin  h^ieste  n0d: 
160  "Inderst  derinde  paa  strandens  grus 

sitter  min  viv  ved  det  fattige  bus, 

og  venter  med  barnet  paa  br0d !" 


10  TERJE   VIKEN 


XIX 

Dog  h0iere  skrek  nok  de  f emten  end  ban ; 

som  ved  Lyng^r,  saa  gik  det  her. 
165  Lykken  er  med  den  engelske  mand 

paa  rov  mellem  Norges  skjaer. 

Da  Terje  t0rnet  mot  baaens  top, 

da  skuret  og  jollen  paa  grund; 

fra  stavnen  b0d  of ficeren  "stop !" 
170  Han  haevet  en  aare  med  bladet  op 

og  hug  den  i  skjegtens  bund. 

XX 

Spant  og  planker  for  hugget  brast, 

sj^en  stod  ind  som  en  f os ; 

paa  to  fot  vand  sank  den  dyre  last, 
175  dog  sank  ikke  Terjes  trods. 

Han  slog  sig  gjennem  de  vsebnede  msend 

og  sprang  over  sesingen  ud,  — 

ban  dukket  og  sv^mmet  og  dukket  igjen ; 

men  jollen  kom  los ;  hvor  ban  vendte  sig  hen 
180  klang  sabler  og  rifleskud. 


TERJE   VIKBN  11 


XXT 

De  fisket  ham  op,  ban  f0rtes  ombord, 
korvetten  gav  seierssalut; 
agter  paa  hytten  stolt  og  stor 
stod  chefen,  en  attenaars  gut. 
185  Hans  fjzfrste  batalje  gjaldt  Terjes  baad, 
ti  kneiste  ban  nu  saa  kjaek; 
men  Terje  visste  ei  Isengere  raad,  — 
den  sterke  mand  laa  med  b0n  og  graad 
i  knse  paa  korvettens  dsek. 

XXII 

190  Han  kj0pte  med  taarer,  de  solgte  ham  smil, 

de  aagret  ham  spot  for  bjz!n. 

Det  kulet  fra  0ster,  tilhavs  med  il 

stod   Englands   seirende  s0n. 

Da  taug  Terje  Viken,  nu  var  det  gjort, 
195  nu  tok  han  sin  sorg  for  sig  selv. 

Men  de  som  ham  fanget,  fandt  ssert  hvor  fort 

et  noget  var  likesom  veiret  bort 

fra  bans  pandes  skyede  hvselv. 


12  TERJE   VIKEN 


XXIII 

Han  sat  i  "prisonen"  i  lange  aar, 
200  der  siges,  i  fulde  fern; 

bans  nakke  bp'ide  sig,  graat  blev  bans  haar 

av  drjzfmmene  om  bans  hjem. 

Noget  ban  bar  paa,  men  gav  ei  besked,  — 

det  var  som  bans  eneste  skat. 
205  Saa  kom  attenbundred  og  f  jorten  med  f red ; 

de  norske  f  anger,  og  Terje  med, 

fortes  hjem  paa  en  svensk  fregat. 

XXIV 

Hjemme  ved  bryggen  ban  steg  i  land 

med  kongens  patent  som  lods; 
210  men  faa  kun  kjendte  den  graaspraengte  mand, 

der  reiste  som  ting  matros. 

Hans  bus  var  en  f remmeds ;  hvad  der  blev  av 

de  to,  —  ban  derinde  erf  or : 

"Da  manden  forlot  dem,  og  ingen  dem  gav, 
215  saa  fik  de  til  slutning  en  fselles  grav 

av  kommunen  i  fattigfolks  jord." 


TERJE  VIKEN  13 


XXV 

Aarene  gik,  og  han  rj/Jgtet  sin  dont 

som  lods  paa  den  ytterste  0; 

han  gjorde  visst  intet  nienneske  ondt 

220  hverken  paa  land  eller  sjjzf; 

men  stundom   gnistret  bans  jzfine  stygt, 
naar  det  br0t  over  baaer  og  skjser,  — 
og  da  mente  folk  at  han  var  forrykt, 
og  da  var  der  faa  som  uten  frygt 

225  kom  Terje  Viken  naer. 

XXVI 

En  maaneskinskveld  meet  paalandsvind 
kom  der  liv  i  lodsenes  f  lok  ; 
en  engelsk  yacht  drev  mot  kysten  ind 
med  revnet  storseil  og  fok. 
230  Fra  fortoppen  sendte  det  r0de  flag 
et  n^dskrik  foruten  ord. 
Litt  indenfor  gik  der  en  baat  over  stag, 
den  vandt  sig  mot  uveiret  slag  for  slag, 
og  lodsen  stod  staut  ombord. 


14  TERJE   VIKEN 


XXVII 
235  Han  tyktes  saa  tryg,  den  graasprsengte  mand; 

lik  en  kjaempe  i  rattet  han  grep:  — 

yachten  lystret,  stod  atter  fra  land, 

og  baaten  svam  efter  paa  slasp. 

Lorden,  med  lady  og  barn  i  arm, 
240  kom  agter;  han  tok  til  sin  hat: 

"Jeg  gj0r  dig  saa  rik  som  du  nu  er  arm, 
hvis  frelste  du  bser'  os  av  bramdingens  larm." 

Men  lodsen  slap  ror  og  rat. 

XXVIII 

Han  hvitnet  om  kindet,  det  lo  om  hans  mund, 
245  lik  et  smil  cler  omsider  faar  magt. 

Indover  bar  det,  og  h0it  paa  grand 

stod  lordens  praegtige  yacht. 

"Den  svigtet  kommando!  I  baatene  ned! 

Mylord  og  mylady  med  mig! 
250  Den  slaar  sig  i  splinter,  —  jeg  vet  besked  — 

men  indenfor  ligger  den  trygge  led; 

mit  kj^lspor  skal  vise  jer  vei !" 


TERJE   VIKEN  15 


XXIX 

Morilden  brgendte  der  skjegten  f!0i 

mot  land  med  sin  dyre  last. 
255  Agter  stod  lodsen,  sterk  og  h01, 

bans  0ie  var  vildt  og  hvast. 

Han  skottet  i  lae  mot  Gjaeslingens  top 

og  til  luvart  mot  Hesnes-sund  ; 

da  slap  ban  ror  og  stagseilstrop, 
260  ban.  svinget  en  aare  med  bladet  op 

og  hug  den  i  baatens  bund. 

XXX 

Ind  stod  sj0en  med  skumhvitt  spruit 

der  raste  paa  vraket  en  strid ; 

men  moderen  10ftet  sin  datter  h0it 

265  paa  armen,  av  rsedsel  hvid. 

"Anna,  mit  barn !"  bun  skrek  i  sin  ve, 
da  bsevret  den  graaspraengte  mand ; 
ban  fattet  om  skj^tet,  drev  roret  i  lae, 
og  baaten  var  fast  som  en  fugl  at  se, 

270  slik  for  den  i  brott  og  brand. 


16  TERJE   VIKEN 


XXXI 

Den  t^rnet,  cle  sank;  men  havet  var  smult 
derindenfor  braendingens  kreds  ; 
opover  rak  sig  en  langgrund  skjult, 
der  stod  de  i  vandet  tilknses. 
275  Da  ropte  lorden:  "Kjend,  —  baaens  ryg  — 
den  svigter,  —  det  er  ingen  flu !" 
Men  lodsen  srnilte:  "Nei,  vaer  De  tryg; 
en  sunken  skjegte  med  tre  tender  byg 
er  baaen  som  baer'  os  nu." 

XXXII 
280  Der  jog  et  minde  om  halvglemt  daad 

lik  et  lyn  over  lordens  trsek  — , 

ban  kjendte  matrosen  som  laa  med  graad 

i  knae  paa  korvettens  daek ! 

Da  skrek  Terje  Viken :  "Alt  mit  du  holdt 
285  i  din  haand,  og  du  slap  det  for  ros. 

Et  0ieblik  endnu,  og  gjengjseld  er  voldt  — " 

da  var  det  den  engelske  stormand  stolt 

bjzfide  knse  for  den  norske  lods. 


TERJE   VIKEN 


XXXIII 

A  fen  Terje  stod  st0ttet  til  aarens  skaft, 
290  saa  rank  som  i  ungdovnmens  aar; 

Jians  0ine  brandt  i  ubsendig  kraft, 

for  vinden  flommet  bans  haar. 

"Du  seilet  i  niak  paa  din  store  korvet, 

jeg  rodde  min  ringe  baat; 
295  jeg  trrellet  for  mine  til  d^den  traet, 

clu  tok  deres  br0d,  og  det  faldt  dig  saa  let 

at  haane  min  bitre  graat. 

XXXIV 

Din  rike  lady  er  lys  som  en  vaar, 

hendes  baand  er  som  silke  fin,  — 
300  m  i  n  bustrus  baand  den  var  grov  og  haard 

men  bun  var  nu  allikevel  min. 

D  i  t  barn  bar  guldbaar  og  pine  blaa, 

som  en  liten  Vorherres  gjest; 

m  i  n  datter  var  intet  at  agte  paa, 
305  bun  var,  Gud  bedre  det,  mager  og  graa, 

som  fattigfolks  b0rn  er  flest. 


IS  TERJB  VIKEN 


XXXV 

Se,  d  e  t  var  min  rigdom  paa  denne  jord, 
det  var  alt  hvad  jeg  kaldte  for  mit, 
det  tyktes  for  mig  en  skat  saa  stor%, 

310  men  det  veiet  for  dig  saa  litt.  — 

Nu  er  det  gjengjgeldelsens  time  slaar,  — 
ti  nu  skal  du  friste  en  stund> 
som  vel  kommer  op  mot  de  lange  aar 
der  bo'ide  min  nakke  og  blekte  mit  haar 

315  og  ssenkte  min  lykke  paa  grund." 

XXXVI 

Barnet  ban  grep  og  svinget  det  frit, 
med  den  venstre  om  ladyens  liv. 
"Tilbake,  mylord !  Et  eneste  skridt,  — 
og  det  koster  dig  barn  og  viv !" 
320  Paa  sprang  stod  britten  til  kamp  paa  ny ; 
men  armen  var  vek  og  mat;  — 
hans  aande  brsendte,  bans  0ine  var  sky, 
og  hans  haar  —  saa  kjendtes  ved  f^rste  gry 
blev  graat  i  den  eneste  nat. 


TERJE   VIKEN 


XXXVII 

325  Men  Terjes  pande  bar  klarhet  og  fred, 

hans  bringe  gik  frit  og  stilt. 

^rb^dig  lj?iftet  ban  barnet  ned 

og  kysset  dets  haender  mildt. 

Han  aandet,  som  Ip'st  fra  et  fsengsels  hvselv, 
33C  hans  stemme  10Y1  rolig  og  jevn : 

"Nu  er  Terje  Viken  igjen  sig  selv. 

Incltil  nu  gik  niit  blod  som  en  stenet  elv ; 

for  jeg  m  a  a  1 1  e  —  jeg  m  a  a  1 1  e  ba  bevn  ! 

XXXVIII 

De  lange  aar  i  "prisonens"  kvalm, 
335  de  gjorde  mit  hjerte  sykt. 

Bakefter  laa  jeg  som  heiens  halm, 

og  saa  i  et  braadyp  stygt. 

Men  nu  er  det  over;  vi  to  er  kvit; 

din  skyldner  for  ei  med  svik. 
340  Jeg  gav  det  jeg  hadde,  —  du  tok  alt  mit, 

og  kra?v,  om  du  tror  du  bar  uret  licit, 

Vorherre,  som  skapte  mig  slik." 


20  TERJE  VIKEN 


XXXIX 

Da  dagningen  lyste,  var  hver  mand  frelst; 

yachten  laa  laengst  i  havn. 
345  Med  nattens  saga  taug  de  nok  heist, 

men  vidt  for  dog  Terjes  navn. 

Dr0mmenes  uveirsskyer  graa 

feide  en  stormnat  vaek; 

og  Terje  bar  atter  saa  rank,  som  faa, 
350  den  nakke  der  kr^ktes  hin  dag  ban  laa 

i  knae  paa  korvettens  daek. 

XL 

Lorden  kom,  og  mylady  med, 

og  mange,  mange  med  dem ; 

de  rystet  hans  baand  til  farvel  og  Guds  fred, 
355  der  de  stod  i  hans  ringe  hjem. 

De  takket  for  frelsen  da  stormen  pep, 

for  frelsen  fra   sj^gang  og  skjaer; 

men  Terje  str^k  over  barnets  slaep: 

"Nei,  den  som  frelste,  da  vserst  det  knep, 
360  det  var  nok  den  lille  der!"  — 


TERJE   VIKEN  21 


XLI 

Da  yachten  dreiet  for  Hesnes-sund, 
den  heiste  det  norske  flag. 
Litt  Isengere  vest  er  en  skumklsedt  grund,  — 
der  gav  den  det  glatte  lag. 
365  Da  tindret  en  taare  i  Terjes  blik, 
nan  stirret  f  ra   heien  ud : 
"Stort  liar  jeg  mistet,  men  stort  jeg  fik. 
Bedst  var  det,  kanhande,  det  gik  som  det  gik, 
og  saa  faar  du  ha  tak  da,  Gud!" 

XLII 
370  Slik  var  det  jeg  saa  ham  en  enkelt  gang, 

han  laa  ved  bryggen  med  fisk; 

hans  haar  var  hvitt,  men  han  lo  og  sang 

og  var  som  en  ungdom  frisk. 

Til  pikerne  hadde  han  skjemtsomme  ord, 
375  han  spefkte  med  byens  btfrn, 

han  svinget  s)  dvesten  og  sprang  ombord, 

saa  heiste  han  fokken,  og  hjem  han  for 

i  solskin,  den  gamle  0rn. 


2-2 


TERJE  VIKEN 


XLlli 

Yed  Fjaere  kirke  jeg  saa  en  grav, 
380  den  laa  paa  en  veirhaard  plet; 

den  var  ikke  skjdttet,  var  sunken  og  lav, 

men  bar  dog  sit  sorte  bret. 

Der  stod  "TH^RIE  \VIIGHEX"  med  hvitmalt  skrift, 

samt  aaret  han  hvile  fandt.  — 
385  Han  lagdes  for  solbrand  og  vindes  vift, 

og  derfor  blev  grsesset  saa  stridt  og  stivt, 

men  med  vilcle  blomster  iblandt. 


NOTES. 

In  1807  Napoleon  and  the  Russian  Czar  had  a  meet- 
ing at  Tilsit,  in  Prussia.  They  then  agreed  that  Russia 
should  have  Finland ;  but  Napoleon  was  to  be  allowed 
to  take  the  great  Norse-Danish  fleet  and  use  it  against 
England.  The  English  caught  wind  of  this  and  in  the 
greatest  haste  sent  a  fleet  against  Copenhagen.  The 
crown  prince  Frederick  fled  to  Holstein  in  company 
with  his  mentally  unbalanced  father  and  the  ruling  gov- 
ernment. The  English  immediately  bombarded  the 
Danish  capital,  set  fire  to  five  hundred  buildings  and 
took  the  entire  fleet.  Then  Frederick  joined  forces 
with  Napoleon  and  declared  war  against  both  England 
and  Sweden. 

Norway,  being  at  that  time  under  Danish  rule,  was 
drawn  into  the  conflict.  In  consequence  misfortune  and 
distress  befell  the  country.  The  Norsemen  had  for  a 
long  period  of  years  been  carrying  on  an  extensive 
commerce  with  Great  Britain ;  they  shipped  a  large  part 
of  their  lumber  to  England  and  received  other  wares 
in  return,  and  besides,  Norwegian  ships  carried  con- 
considerable  other  freightage  from  England  to  other 
countries. 

It  was  at  that  time,  even  to  a  greater  extent  than 
now,  very  difficult  for  Norway  to  supply  her  own 
population  with  bread ;  she  was  obliged  to  import  a 
great  deal  of  grain  from  Denmark,  and  especially 
Jutland.  After  the  bombardment  of  Copenhagen  all 
this  intercourse  with  Denmark  was  cut  off,  and  the 
British  controlled  all  the  waterways  leading  from  Nor- 
way to  other  countries.  Almost  unhindered  the  Eng- 
lish ruled  the  North  Sea,  capturing  and  destroying  all 


24  TERJE  VIKEN 

Norwegian  merchantmen  which  they  happened  to  come 
across.  They  almost  rendered  impossible  all  seafaring 
and  thus  also  hampered  all  importation  to  Norway.  This 
occasioned  keen  distress  in  the  years  following  1807, 
because  crop  failures  and  years  of  scarcity  visited  the 
land.  When  seafaring,  exportation  of  lumber  and  for- 
eign trade  ceased,  hard  times  followed. 

The  events  which  this  poem  relates  happened  during 
these  years  of  hardship  and  gloom.  The  main  char- 
acter of  this  story  is  scarcely  known  elsewhere.  He  is 
decidedly  a  Norse  type,  but  many  of  the  happenings 
of  this  narrative  are  related  elsewhere,  so  that  the 
poem  in  the  main  is  historically  true. 

Already  in  his  youthful  productions  Ibsen  revealed 
in  his  poetry  a  wealth  of  possibilities  which  he  later 
developed  as  a  world  poet.  Many  years  of  struggle 
and  hardship  brought  a  rich  harvest  of  ripe  fruitage. 
He  became  a  great  master  of  style  both  in  prose  and 
poetry  and  exercised  the  utmost  precision  in  detail 
of  execution.  This  is  clearly  exemplified  in  Terje 
Viken.  He  frequently  violates  the  rules  of  inverted 
order,  employs  unusual  constructions  and  uses  many 
poetic  and  archaic  expressions  and  forms.  All  this  he 
does  for  the  sake  of  the  rhythm  and  rime.  The  poem 
is  written  in  the  narrative  style  and  follows  closely 
the  regular  stanza  of  the  old  ballads  of  the  four-stress 
type,  with  extra  light  syllables  admitted  anywhere  yet 
not  in  great  numbers.  The  long  alliterative  lines  have 
with  studied  preciseness  four  stresses,  but  in  the  shorter 
lines,  generally  the  second  and  the  fourth,  etc.,  the 
fourth  stress  is  lost.  This  is  often  termed  the  "tumb- 
ling verse,"  regular  in  rhythm  and  rime,  but  indifferent 
to  the  number  of  syllables.  Where  most  regular  it 
approximates  closely  the  regular  four-stress  anapestic, 


NOTES 


as  exemplified  in  the  scansion  of  the  first  verse  of  the 
poem,  as  follows : 

Der  bod'ide  en  uii|derlig  graa|spraengt  en 

paa  den  yt|terste,  n0g\ne  6;  —  - 

ban  gjofjde  visst  in  tet  men|neske  me"6 

hvef|ken  paa  land"|   eller  sjo; 

dog  stun'dom  gnis^ret  bans  0fjne  styg't, 

heist  j  mot  urojlig  veif, 

og  da  |  mente  folk'  [  at  ban  vaf  |  forryk't; 

og  da  '  var  der  faa  |  som  u]ten  fryg't 

kom  Tef|je  Vfken  nser. 


The  story  of  the  poem  Terje  Viken  may  properly 
be  divided  into  two  main  parts,  marking  two  epochs  in 
the  life  of  the  hero.  Part  I  comprises  the  verses  iv 
to  xxv  inclusive,  and  Part  II  the  verses  xxvi  to  xlii 
inclusive. 

The  first  two  verses  of  the  poem  introduce  the  read- 
er to  the  hero  of  this  narrative  and  awaken  our  in- 
terest in  him  by  the  portrayal  of  a  certain  period  of 
his  earlier  life  in  sharp  contrast  to  a  later  period  when 


26  TERJE   VIKEN 

we  really  learn  to  know  him.  Each  of  the  main  parts 
contains  recurring  lines  and  passages  found  in  these 
beginning  verses.  Note  will  be  made  of  this  as  we 
proceed. 

The  third  verse  is  really  the  introduction  to  the  story 
that  follows,  and  which  ends  with  the  forty-second 
verse. 

The  forty-third,  the  last  verse  of  the  poem,  is  the 
resume  or  close,  and  gives  us  a  picture  of  Terje's  ex- 
posed and  weather-beaten  grave  which  seems  to  typify 
the  hero  himself. 

***** 

Line  6,  heist  mot  urolig  veir,  especially  when  there 
was  a  forecast  of  unsettled  weather,  or  when  stormy 
weather  was  brewing. 

Line  10,  siden  jeg  saa  ham,  note  the  violation  of  rule 
for  inverted  order.  See  Michelet's  First  Year  Norse, 
page  47. 

Line  10,  en  enkelt  gang,  once  in  a  while,  at  rare  oc- 
casions, occasionally. 

Line  16,  sydvest,  a  southwester  (called  by  the  sailors 
a  sou'wester),  a  sailor's  broad-brimmed  tarpaulin,  or 
waterproof  canvas  storm  hat.  It  takes  its  name  from 
the  southwester,  a  wind,  gale,  or  storm  from  the  south- 
west which  generally  brings  rain. 

Line  17,  fok  (of  Dutch  origin),  the  triangular  fore- 
sail before  the  foremast  of  a  boat. 

Line  18,  t  solskin,  literally,  in  sunshine:  in  good 
humor. 

Line  18,  0rn,  literally,  eagle :  the  old  seaman  may  well 
be  called  an  eagle,  partly  because  he  sails  over  the  sea, 
and  partly  because  of  his  sharp  features  and  his  keen 
glance. 

Line  24,  vel,  has  many  meanings  in  various  con- 
structions. Might  be  translated  here:  to  be  sure. 


NOTES  27 

Line  25,  stod  hos,  in  this  phrase  ham  is  understood : 
were  with  him,  were  at  his  bedside. 

Line  27,  trcs,  abbreviated  form  for  tresindstyve  (ire 
ganger  tyve),  the  Danish  method  of  counting  which  was 
formerly  used  in  Norway,  especially  in  the  Eastland. 
It  is  fast  becoming  obsolete.  They  now  say  seksti. 
See  Michelet's  First  Year  Norse,  page  67.  Translate 
i  de  tres,  in  the  sixties. 

Line  28,  krabat,  wild,  unmanageable  fellow,  rascal. 
Terje's  childhood  and  early  youth  were  wild,  perhaps 
more  mischievous,  foolhardy  and  daring  than  really 
vicious,  like  many  a  sailor  lad's  in  the  western  coast 
towns  of  Norway.  Often  such  boys  were  sent  to  sea 
to  be  disciplined,  or  the  lure  of  the  sea  tempted  them 
to  stow  away  on  some  vessel  bound  for  foreign  lands. 
The  term  krabat  had  formerly  the  disparaging  mean- 
ing, but  has  come  to  bear  more  the  jesting,  good-na- 
tured meaning  of  rascal.  It  is  derived  from  the  word 
kroat  (Croat).  The  Croats  were  known  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War  as  a  band  of  wild  soldiers. 

Line  30,  dravat  (derived  from  the  Dutch),  eddy- 
wind  followed  by  thunder  and  lightning  and  storm.  It 
is  used  metaphorically  here  to  symbolize  Terje's  hard- 
ships, or  adversity. 

Line  31,  jungmand,  a  sailor  who  has  not  yet  been 
rated  as  an  "able"  seaman,  has  not  yet  served  his 
years  of  apprenticeship. 

Line  32,  Siden  han  r0mtc,  note  the  violation  of  the 
rule  of  inverted  order. 

Line  33,  nok,  like  vcl,  has  many  and  varied  transla- 
tions. Might  be  translated  here :  I  dare  say. 

Line  37,  var  han  vokset  sig,  common  usage  demands 
the  use  of  the  auxiliary  at  ha  instead  of  at  v&re  with 
reflexive  verbs.  Ibsen  deviates  from  the  rule  in  this 
passage. 


28  TERJE   V1KEN 

Line  40,  sagtens  (an  adverb),  like  the  word  vel,  has 
man>'  and  varied  meanings.  May  be  translated  here: 
I  dare  say. 

Line  42,  ryste  sorgcn  av,  to  cease  to  mourn,  to  cast 
off  his  sorrow. 

Line  49,  paa  ct  s&t  (paa  sect  og  vis),  in  some  way,  in 
a  way,  in  a  fashion. 

Line  50,  Saa  levet  han  under  sit  eget  tag 

Terje  was  not  slow  in  forgetting  his  sorrow.  The 
same  giddiness  and  thoughtlessness  of  his  earlier  youth 
manifested  itself  in  his  hasty  marriage.  He  soon  be- 
gan to  live  his  former  free  and  easy  life,  although  his 
wife  sought  to  keep  him  away  from  the  dizzy  whirl 
(sus  og  dus)  by  making  the  home  as  cheerful,  cozy 
"and  attractive  as  possible. 

Line  55,  lindrcirsbffr,  the  wind  that  brings  a  thaw, 
or  open  weather. 

Line  56,  briggen,  the  brig,  a  two-masted,  square- 
rigged  vessel.  The  use  of  the  post-positive  definite 
article  here  is  undoubtedly  to  designate  the  particular 
vessel  with  which  Terje  was  accustomed  to  sail. 

Line  58,  han  mptte  den  unden'ds,  note  here  the  vio- 
lation of  the  rule  for  inverted  order. 

Line  59,  vegt,  a  weight.  When  he  neared  home  he 
was  weighed  down  by  the  thought  of  the  duties  that 
lay  upon  him  as  a  married  man,  and  which  would 
deprive  him  of  unrestrained  freedom  and  the  gay  and 
easy  seaman's  life,  in  which  he  still  felt  much  at  home, 
because  he  was  still  full  of  buoyant  spirits  (sterk  og 
ung). 

Line  63,  for  baugen,  literally,  before  the  bow,  mean- 
ing before  him,  in  the  near  future. 

Line  65,  landlor,  furlough,  shore  leave.  When  reach- 
ing port  the  sailors  cannot  leave  the  vessel  without 
being  granted  a  leave  of  absence. 


NOTES  29 

Line  70,  hesple,  or  hespe,  to  reel  yarn  from  the  spin- 
dle of  the  spinning  wheel,  or  to  wind  yarn  or  thread 
into  balls  from  a  reel. 

Lines  73  and  74,  Der  sagdes  at  Terjes  sind  med  ett 
fik  alvor  fra  denne  stund.  It  suddenly  dawned  upon 
Terje  how  domestic  and  worthy  his  wife  was,  and  the 
feeling  toward  their  little  child  tamed  his  wild  and 
unyielding  nature ;  he  was  transformed  as  by  a  leap 
from  boyhood  into  manhood. 

Lines  77  to  79,  Om  sfndagskvelden sine  gladestc 

viser  fftin  hjemme  sang,  note  the  violation  of  the  rule 
for  inverted  order  for  the  sake  of  rhythm. 

Line  80,  lillc  Anna  (den  lille  Anna),  the  pre-positive 
article  may  be  omitted  when  the  adjective  becomes  a 
part  of  a  pet  name,  e.g.,  lillemand,  lillemor. 

Line  82,  krigens  aar,  the  war  had  already  begun  in 
1807,  but  probably  the  effects  of  the  war  were  not  so 
keenly  felt  until  a  few  years  later. 

Line  89,  ingen  (a  dative  form),  render  ingen  til 
gavn,  of  benefit  to  no  one. 

Line  92,  note  the  repetition  here  of  line  42.  Terje's 
character  and  his  old  habit  of  shaking  off  sorrow  and 
grief  again  manifests  itself. 

Line  97,  stiv,  literally,  stiff,  a  seaman's  term  describ- 
ing a  strong  wind,  or  gale. 

Line  98,  da  vindcn  kulet Terje  Viken  rodde 

o.  s.  v.,  note  the  violation  of  rule  for  inverted  order. 

Line  98,  mv  (a  poetic  form  almost  obsolete),  Old 
Norse  vif,  same  root  as  the  English  wife. 

Line  100,  skjegte,  in  southern  Norway  this  is  the 
name  of  a  small  sailboat,  sometimes  a  four-oared  boat. 

Line  101,  Skagensfart,  Skagerack  journey.  The  dis- 
tance from  Terje's  home  around  Skagerack  Point  to 
Fladstrand,  Jutland  (now  known  as  Fredrikshavn), 
where  the  Norwegian  ships  used  to  take  on  cargoes 


30  TERJE   VIKEN 

of  grain,  is  about  ninety  -three  or  ninety-four  English 
miles. 

Line  103,  slikt  tyktcs  ham  (han  is  according  to  Las- 
sen  and  Pauss,  Digte  for  middelskolen,  a  misprint).  It 
is  an  impersonal  expression  with  subject  omitted:  thus 
it  seemed  to  him  the  safest  way,  i.  e.,  he  felt  safer  in 
this  way. 

Line  106,  del  jydske  rev,  the  Jutland  reef,  a  long 
projecting  sandbank  dangerous  in  stormy  weather. 

Line  107,  "man  of  war,"  from  the  English  man-of- 
war,  an  armed  vessel  belonging  to  the  navy  or  military 
marine,  generally  of  considerable  size.  The  word  is 
pronounced  by  Norwegian  sailors  manorar'. 

Line  108,  mers,  a  platform  of  wood  some  distance 
up  the  mast  used  for  a  lookout.  In  the  mers,  or  look- 
out, on  a  man-of-war  is  stationed  a  lookout  man. 

Line  111,  Fladstrand,  a  harbor  located  in  eastern 
Jutland. 

Line  113,  faring,  from  the  verb  at  ffire,  to  carry, 
hence  a  cargo. 

Line  116,  livsens  frclse  (livsens  is  an  old  genitive  form 
for  livets),  render  lirscns  frclse,  life's  salvation,  sus- 
tenance. 

Lines  118-119,  note  that  mand  is  nominative  case  and 
subject;  n&tter  and  dage  are  adverbial  nouns. 

Lines  120-121,  den  fjerde  morgen,  han  skim- 

tet  o.  s.  v.,  note  the  violation  of  the  rule  for  inverted 
order. 

Line  125,  Imcncs-sadlcn,  usually  called  Grimstadsalen, 
a  well-known  seamark,  a  high  mountain  about  three 
English  miles  from  Grimstad ;  it  can  be  seen  far  out 
at  sea.  This  mountain  has  a  depression  in  the  middle, 
therefore  the  name  "saddle." 

The  various  names  of  places  which  occur  in  this 
poem  can  clearly  be  seen  on  any  map  of  southern  Xor- 


NOTES  31 

way,  and  may  be  easily  located  between  Grimstad  and 
Lillesand. 

Line  128,  han  holder  endiitt  vel  ud,  note  the  viola- 
tion of  the  rule  for  inverted  order. 

Line  130,  han  "car  nar  ved  en  bfin  til  Gud,  Terje  was 
accustomed  to  depend  upon  himself  alone,  but  the  pros- 
pect of  bringing  his  dear  ones  at  home  relief  from 
hunger  makes  him  tender-hearted  and  causes  him  to 
turn  to  God  from  Whom  all  blessings  flow. 

Lines  133-134,  gjennem  skodden han  saa  en 

korvet ,  note  violation   of   rule   for  inverted 

order. 

Line  134,  korvet  (corvette),  an  old-fashioned  war- 
ship with  three  full-rigged  masts,  and  with  cannon  only 
on  the  upper  deck;  ranks  next  below  a  frigate. 

Line  134,  Hesncs-sund,  a  sound  closed  in  by  Hesnes 
Islands  just  outside  Grimstad. 

Line  135,  at  duve,  to  move  up  and  down  in  the  sea. 
Render  the  infinitive  at  duve  by  the  English  participle 
tossing,  or  pitching. 

Line  135,  bakkedc  (derived  from  the  infinitive  at 
bakke,  meaning  to  place  the  sails  toward  the  wind  in 
such  a  way  that  they  do  not  move  the  ship  forward), 
may  be  rendered  here  windward. 

Line  138,  solgangsi-ind,  a  wind  that  begins  in  the 
north  and  east  in  the  morning,  and  veers  with  the  sun, 
so  that  in  the  course  of  the  day  it  is  westerly. 

Line  138,  skral,  literally  means  poor,  or  scanty.  It 
describes  a  wind  that  blows  toward  one,  so  it  cannot 
be  used  without  tacking. 

Line  140,  jolle,  a  ship's  boat,  stubby  aft. 

Line  142,  spant,  the  ribs  of  the  boat. 

Lines  142-143,  med  fptterne  stemte  han 

rodde ,   note  violation   of  rule    for  inverted 

order. 


32  TERJE   VIKEN 

Line  145,  Gj(esHngen(e)  (given  in  the  singular  in 
text  for  the  sake  of  meter,  but  generally  written  in  the 
plural),  more  commonly  known  and  designated  on  the 
map  as  Gaasungerne  (goslings),  shoals  close  by  the 
islet  Gaasen  about  four  English  miles  from  Lillesand. 

Line  146,  pstenfor  Homborg-sund,  this  is  incorrect; 
they  lie  southwest  from  Homborg  Sound.  (See  Nor- 
ske  Digtc  red  Nordahl  Rolfscn,  page  343.)  Homborg- 
sund,  or  Homborsund,  is  east  of  Lillesand. 

Line  150,  havbliksdag,  a  day  when  the  ocean  lies 
smooth  like  a  mirror. 

Line  151,  dinning,  swell,  high  sea,  especially  the  roll- 
ing sea  which  continues  after  the  wind  has  died  down. 

Line  151,  hull   (long  u),  with  high,  hollow  waves. 

Line  152,  smult    (long  u),  calm,  still. 

Line  153,  brcekkede  bfilgedrag,  surf  breaking  upon 
the  shore. 

Line  154,  Ditind  Tcrjc  Vikens  skjegte  for,  note  the 
violation  of  rule  for  inverted  order  on  account  of 
rime. 

Line  155,  brott  og  brand,  both  words  mean  the  foam- 
ing, frothing  whirlpool  in  the  surf;  the  sea  is  all 
feather-white. 

Line  158,  brcendingens  sits,  the  roar  of  the  breakers. 
Terje  seems  to  doubt  now  whether  the  God  of  love, 
to  whom  in  verse  xv  he  turns  in  prayer,  will  render 
help  in  this  hour  of  dire  need. 

Line  164,  ved  Lyngpr,  at  this  place  east  of  Grim- 
stad,  in  1812,  the  Norwegian  frigate  "Xajaden"  was 
destroyed  by  the  English  line-of-battle  ship  "Dictator." 
Najaden,  in  order  to  escape  the  superior  ship  of  the 
enemy,  had  sailed  in  through  a  shallow  and  dangerous 
waterway  among  the  belt  of  islands;  the  English  com- 
mander boldly  followed  where  he  saw  the  top  of  the 
masts  of  "Najaden,"  and  although  he  did  not  have  a 


NOTES  33 

pilot  on  board  who  knew  these  waters,  he  luckily  got 
in  and  overtook  the  Norwegian  frigate,  just  as  it 
anchored  in  the  harbor,  and  where  it  could  not  lay 
to  in  an  advantageous  position;  thus  it  was  soon  shot 
to  pieces  and  totally  destroyed. 

Line  168,  og  (ogsaa},  translate  also,  too. 

Line  177,  ccsingen,  the  gunwale,  or  lengthwise  strip 
covering  the  upper  end  of  the  framing  timbers  in  a 
boat. 

Line  179,  los,  or  loss,  (pronounced  laass),  loose, 
free. 

Line  183,  paa  hytten,  the  quarter-deck,  the  part  of 
the  after-deck  reserved  for  the  officers  only. 

Line  184,  en  attenaars  gut,  the  British  commander 
who  did  the  daring  deed  at  Lyng0r  was  only  twenty- 
one;  undoubtedly  with  this  in  mind  Ibsen  makes  the 
English  commander  in  his  narrative  a  mere  boy  of 
eighteen  years. 

Line  186,  ft   (derfor),  translate  here  consequently. 

Line  187,  raad,  way  out  of  the  dilemma  or  predica- 
ment. 

Line  191,  at  aagre,  to  practice  usury,  to  charge  too 
high  interest  for  one's  money,  to  seek  to  gain  much 
for  little;  in  other  words  they  let  him  beg  and  implore 
in  vain. 

Line  1%,  men  dc  som  ham  fanget,  note  the  unusual 
position  of  the  direct  object  ham. 

Line  1%,  fandt  scert,  fandt  (del}  scert,  found  it 
strange  or  peculiar. 

Line  197,  et  noget,  his  forehead  had  had  somewhat 
the  stamp  of  that  love  which  filled  his  heart;  now  this 
changed  as  if  to  stone. 

Line  199,  prisonen  (pronounce  pris'n  as  in  English). 

Line  203,  noget  han  bar  paa,  men  gav  ei  bcsked,  some- 
thing he  brooded  over,  but  unburdened  it  to  no  one. 


34  TERJE    VIKEN 

Note  the  violation  of  rule   for  inverted  order  in  han 
bar  paa. 

Line  207,  fortes  hjem  paa  en  svensk  fregat,  the  fact 
that  the  prisoners  were  sent  home  on  a  Swedish  trans- 
port shows  that  the  fatherland  was  now  helpless,  and 
a  new  turn  of  affairs  had  come  about. 

Line  208,  Hjem  me  ved  bryggen  han  steg  i  land,  note 
the  violation  of  the  rule  for  inverted  order. 

Line  209,  patent,  license,  patent,  letters  of  creation  or 
appointment,  especially  a  pilot's  license. 

Line  212,  en  fremmcds  (lius).    Adjective  used  sub- 
stantively.  (See  Michelet's  First  Year  Norse,  page  43). 
Line  219,  note  in  this  line  and  those  following  the 
recurring  lines  found  in  verse  ii. 

Line  228,  yacht,  derived  from  same  root  form  as  jagt 
and  has  the  same  meaning.  But  when  the  English  form  of 
spelling  is  retained  it  means  a  pleasure  yacht.  It  should 
then  also  have  the  English  pronunciation,  but  in  this 
instance  it  ought  to  have  the  same  pronunciation  as 
in  verse  xxviii  where  it  rimes  with  magi. 

Line  230,  det  r0de  flag,  at  the  topmast  it  is  a  signal 
.for  pilot  wanted. 

Line  232,  stag,  the  ropes  which  go  from  the  mast 
forward  to  the  prow  and  bear  the  foresails ;  at  gaa 
over  stag,  to  tack  in  order  to  turn  the  boat  windward, 
to  beat  up  against  the  wind. 

Line  233,  slag  for  slag.,  by  tacking,  by  cruising  back 
and  forth  against  the  wind. 

Line  234,  ombord,  on  the  English  boat ;  hence  it  did 
not  take  long  before  he  reached  the  yacht. 

Line  235,  Han  tyktes  (tyktes  is  a  deponent  verb), 
he  seemed,  he  appeared. 

Line  236,  rat  (pronounced  rait},  steering  wheel 
which  turns  the  rudder  by  means  of  ropes,  or  chains. 


NOTES  35 

Line  238,  svam  (archaic  past  tense  form  of  the  verb 
at  svtfmme)  ;  corresponds  to  the  English  swam. 

Line  243,  ror  og  rat,  in  this  case  both  words  mean 
one  and  the  same  thing:  the  steering  wheel. 

Line  245,  snril,  Terje  recognizes  the  lord,  and  is  filled 
with  malicious  glee  when  he  finally  can  wreak  the 
vengeance  for  which  he  has  been  waiting  so  long. 

Line  248,  den  svigtet  kommando,  it  did  not  obey 
the  rudder.  While  the  crew  seeks  rescue  in  the  life 
boats,  Terje  takes  the  lord,  the  lady  and  their  child 
into  his  own  boat  which  is  close  at  hand;  for  rescue 
in  it  seems  safest.  Thus  Terje  gets  him  entirely  in 
his  power. 

Line  252,  kjplspor,  wake,  a  track  left  by  a  vessel  pass- 
ing through  the  water. 

Line  253,  morild,  the  giving  out  of  light  from  the 
sea  caused  by  phosphorescent  animalcules  in  the  water. 

Line  254,  sin  dyre  last,  note  the  repetition  of  this 
from  verses  xiii  and  xx. 

Line  255,  agter  stod  lodscn,  the  pilot  stood  aft.  While 
the  boat  was  moving  Terje  undoubtedly  was  sitting; 
but  just  before  he  wanted  to  carry  out  his  plans  of 
revenge  he  arose  and  steeled  himself  for  the  deed  by 
looking  toward  the  places  which  reminded  him  so  viv- 
idly of  his  own  loss  and  shipwreck.  See  verses  xv 
and  xvii. 

Line  257,  Ice,  opposite  of  luvart,  which  has  been  taken 
up  in  the  seaman's  vernacular  from  the  Dutch  loef, 
meaning  the  helping  rudder  on  the  ship's  wind  side 
(luv),  hence  the  side  opposite  to  that  from  which  the 
wind  blows. 

Line  259,  stagscilstrop,  the  rope  fastened  to  the  loose 
corner  of  the  sail  whereby  it  can  be  brought  from  the 
one  side  of  the  boat  to  the  other. 

Line  263,  zraket,  the  boat  with  the  hole  in  the  bottom. 


36  TERJE   VIKEN 

Line  266,  "Anna,  mit  barn!"  him  skrek ,  note 

violation  of  rule   for  inverted  order. 

Line  267,  bcevre  (b&ve  svakt),  to  tremble  slightly, 
to  quiver.  Compare  this  passage  with  verse  xxii,  line 
197,  "el  noget"  that  changed  suddenly  his  expression 
when  he  was  so  vividly  reminded  of  his  own  little  child 
bearing  the  same  name.  He  changed  his  plans  of  re- 
venge by  trying  to  partially  stop  the  leakage  of  his 
boat,  perhaps  by  placing  his  heel  in  the  hole. 

Line  268,  drcv  roret  i  lee,  turned  the  rudder  so  that 
the  boat  could  go  directly  with  the  wind. 

Line  269,  fast,  (nasten),  almost. 

Line  271,  Den  tfirnet,  it  went  aground,  it  struck  rock 
bottom. 

Line  271,  havet  var  smult,  see  verse  xvii,  line  152. 

Line  276,  flu,  a  flat  reef  which  at  flood  time  is 
washed  over  by  the  waves;  baae  (line  275)  seems  to 
be  used  in  this  instance  in  contrast  to  flu,  to  designate 
a  sandbank,  which  it  usually  does  not;  flu  is  generally 
a  flatter  reef  than  a  baae. 

Line  278,  "en  sunken  skjegte  med  Ire  tender  byg 
er  baaen  so  in  beer'  os  mi." 

This  passage  is  somewhat  ambiguous.  It  may  mean 
that  the  cargo  of  grain  Terje  lost  still  lies  on  the  reef, 
or  perhaps  it  simply  means  that  the  place  marks  the 
exact  spot  where  Terje's  precious  cargo  of  grain  sank, 
and  in  his  imagination  still  lies  on  this  very  spot.  In 
other  words  Terje  wishes  to  remind  the  lord  of  what 
took  place  at  that  spot  on  a  certain  occasion  many 
years  before. 

Line  288,  bpide  kna,  gave  up  to,  submitted  to,  hum- 
bled his  pride. 

Line  293,  Du  seilct  i  inak — jeg  roddc—, 
Line  298,  Din  rike  lady — win  hustni. 
Line  302,  Dit  barn — mm  datter. 


NOTES  37 

Note  in  these  passages  Ibsen's  mastery  in  the  use 
of  antitheses. 

Line  301,   nu   allikcvel,  nevertheless. 

Line  312,  friste  en  stund,  to  suffer  a  while,  undergo 
torture  a  brief  period  of  time. 

Line  313,  vel,  translate  here,  fully,  in  full  measure. 

Line  315,  og  scenktc  min  lykke  paa  grund,  destroyed 
my  happiness. 

Line  316,  Barnet  han  grep,  note  violation  of  rule  of 
inverted  order  because  of  meter. 

Line  317,  lady,  there  are  no  exact  Norse  equivalents 
for  English  titles  of  rank  and  nobility.  Note  the  use, 
however,  of  the  post-positive  article  with  the  foreign 
word.  This  is  only  permissible  when  the  foreign  word 
has  no  Norse  equivalent. 

Line  318,  mylord  (pronounced  mi-lord'),  note  in  the 
Norse  the  compounding  of  my  lord.  These  com- 
pounds are  used  more  freely  in  Norse  than  in  English. 

Line  320,  Paa  sprang,  ready  to  leap  forward. 

Line  322,  hans  aandc  brandte,  compare  with  hans 
ffine  brandt  in  line  291. 

Line  329,  Han  aandet,  som  Ipst  fro,  et  fcengsels 
hvcelv,  he  breathed  as  if  freed  from  a  prison,  because 
now  he  was  rid  of  his  brooding  thoughts  of  revenge 
that  had  hovered  over  him  so  heavily  for  many,  many 
years  like  a  dark  thunder  cloud,  a  heavy  prison  vault. 

Line  332,  stenet,  stony,  rocky,  so  that  the  river  flowed 
over  it  turbulently. 

Line  334,  kvalm,  suffocating,   foul  air,   stuffy  air. 

Line  336,  heiens  halm,  far  out  on  the  edge  of  the 
steep  mountain  side,  there  often  grow  tufts  of  grass 
that  overhang  the  precipitous  edge.  It  seemed  to  Terje 
that  during  these  years  he  had  stared  down  into  the 
dark  abyss  of  revenge. 


38  NOTES 

Line  338,  vi  to  er  kvit,  we  two  are  quits,  we  have 
settled  our  scores,  we  are  even. 

Line  339,  din  skyldner,  compare  with  verse  xxxv. 
Terje  had  the  old  Norse  conception  of  law  latent  with- 
in him ;  he  would  mete  out  punishment  by  his  own 
hands.  He  felt  it  was  his  duty  to  pay  back  to  the 
lord  like  for  like.  This  he  feels  he  has  done  by  letting 
him  suffer  torture  and  agony  for  a  brief  period  of 
time  in  the  open  boat  (friste  en  stund,  som  vel  kommcr 
op  mot  de  lange  aar). 

Line  340,  Jeg  gav  del  jeg  hadde, — du  tok  alt  init,. 
compare  this  with  line  284,  alt  mil  du  holdt  i  din 
haand,  og  du  slap  det  for  ros.  The  idea  is  not  clear, 
but  probably  means  I  lost  everything,  and  you  sacri- 
ficed it  all  to  win  glory. 

Line  341,  og  krcev and  give  God  the  blame  if 

you  think  that  I  have  made  you  suffer  too  great  a 
torture,  for  He  has  given  me  such  a  nature  that  I  had 
to  have  revenge. 

Line  354,  til  farvel  og  Cuds  frcd,  in  bidding  him 
farewell,  wishing  him  Godspeed. 

Line  358,  sleep,  literally  meaning  train,  or  trail.  Here 
it  must  mean  the  child's  flowing  locks. 

Line  364,  det  glatte  lag,  all  the  cannon  are  fired  at 
once  as  a  salute.  Compare  with  verse  xxi,  line  182, 
korvetten  gav  seierssalut. 

Line  366,  heien,  the  desolate  rocky  island  where 
Terje  lived. 

Line  379,  Ved  Fj&re  kirke  jeg  saa ,  note  viola- 
tion of  rule  for  inverted  order  for  sake  of  meter.  A 
parish  church  not  far  from  Grimstad. 

Line  383,  "Theerie  Wiighcn,"  an  older,  antiquated 
form  of  the  name  Terje  Viken.  Sometimes  also  writ- 
ten "Taerje  Vigen". 


NOTES  39 

Line  385,  vindes  vift  (archaic  expression,  vindes, 
possessive  plural  without  the  post-positive  article;  vift, 
.  same  root  as  English  waft,  hard  storms,  exposure. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

The  following  abbreviations  are  used  in  the  vocabu- 
lary: 

adj  adjective  per     person (al) 

adv  adverb  pi    plural 

c  common  gender  pass    possessive  case 

comp  comparative  pron     pronoun 

conj    conjunction  r    regular 

def    definite  refl     reflexive 

fain     familiar,  popular  rel    relative  pronoun 

form  sing     singular 

n     neuter  gender  supl    superlative 

/  Class  1  of  the  weak  verbs: t  -/. 

//  Class  II  of  the  weak  verbs : tc  -t. 

Ill  Class  ///  of  the  weak  verbs :—  .-ddc  -dd. 

The  principal  parts  of  strong  verbs  are  given. 

If  an  adjective  is  inflected  by  the  addition  of  -t  in 
the  neuter  and  -e  in  the  definite  and  plural  forms,  it  is 
followed  by  r  (regular).  Otherwise  the  inflectional 
endings  are  given. 

The  plural  of  nouns  is  given.  A  dash  indicates  that 
the  plural  form  does  not  differ  from  the  singular. 

The  dash  ( — )  is  further  used  to  avoid  repeating  the 
main  word  in  supplementary  phrases. 

Words  are  accented  on  the  first  syllable  unless  mark- 
ed otherwise.  Compound  words  have  an  accented 
syllable  in  each  component  element  marked. 


VOCABULARY 


aagre  I  practice  usury 

aande   c  breath 

aande  /  breathe,  draw 
breath 

aapen  -t  aapne  open 

aar  «-year 

aare  c  -r  oar 

aas  c  -er  ridge,  crest 

agte  (paa)  /  heed,  notice, 
pay  attention  to,  look 
upon 

agter  astern,  behind 

al  alt  alle  all;  alt  every- 
thing; alt  already 

aldrig  never; — saa  ever  so 

allikevel  nevertheless,  for 
all  that 

alvor  n  earnestness,  seri- 
ousness; faa  —  become 
serious,  take  on  serious- 
ness of  purpose 

angre  /  regret;  --  paa 
regret,  repent  of 

ankre  7  anchor,  cast  an- 
chor 

arm  c  -er  arm 

arm  r  poor 

at  con;  that;  to  (sign  of 
the  infinitive) 

att'enaars  eighteen  year(s) 
old 

aftenhuridred  1800 

atter  again,  once  more 

av  of,  off,  from,  because  of 


B 

baad  (old)  see  baat 

baade  both;  baade 

og  both  —  —  and 

baae  c  -r  sunken  rock  or 
islet 

baat  c  -er  boat 

bag  see   bak 

bak  behind,  back  of,  (1. 
53)  within,  inside 

bak'effer  after,  behind, 
afterwards,  later 

bakke  /  reverse;  for  bak- 
kede  seil  with  sails  re- 
versed, placed  windward 

barn  u  barn  or  b0rn  child, 
baby 

batal'je  c  -r  battle,  action, 
engagement 

baug  c  -er  bow  (of  a  shipj ; 
for  baugen  ahead 

bedre,  bedst  see  god 

bedre  /  better,  improve; 
Gud  —  det  alas 

bedrift  c  -er  deed,  exploit 

behold  c;  \  god  —  in  safety 

besked  c  information,  ink- 
ling, hint;  vite  —  know- 
positively,  be  positive 

bevare  II  keep,  preserve; 
bevart  kept,  safe  (see 
note  on  1.  103) 

binde  bandt  bundet  bind, 
hold;  —  fast  tie  down, 
keep  at 


VOCABULARY 


bitter  -t   bitre   bitter 

blaa   -t   blaa   blue 

blad  n  -e  blade  (of  an  oar) 

blafre  /  waver,  be  fitful 

bleke  blekte  bleket  make 
pale,  whiten 

bli  blev  blit  become,  turn, 
be  (auxiliary  of  pas- 
sive) ;  —  av  become  of 

blik  //  —  look,  eye 

blind   r  blind,  sunken 

blod  //  blood 

blomst  c  -er  flower,  blos- 
som, plant 

blund  c  -er  sleep,  nap;  i 
—  to  sleep 

bo   ///  live,   dwell,   reside 

bort(e)  away 

braadyp'  n  precipice 

brand  c  -er  surf, 
breaker (s) 

bred  r  broad,   expansive 

bret  //  -ter  board,  marker, 
headboard,  wooden 
cross 

brig  c  -ger  brig 

bringe  c  -r  breast 

briste  brast  brustet  break, 
burst,  crack 

britte  c  -r  Briton,  English- 
man 

brott  n  —  breaker  (s),  surf 

brun  /•  brown 

brygge  c  -r  wharf,  dock, 
pier,  jetty 

bryst   n   —  breast,   bosom 

bryte  br0t  brutt  break; 
(impersonal  with  re- 
ference to  water)  break, 
beat,  pound 

braekke    /  break 

braende   braendte    (or 
brandt)      braendt     burn, 


flash,  gleam,  glow, 
foam,  froth,  (of  breath) 
come  hot 

branding  c  breakers,  surf, 
whitecaps 

br0d  »t  —  bread,  loaf  of 
bread,  sustenance 

bund  c  -er  bottom 

by  c  -er  city,  town 

byde  b0d  budt  command, 
order 

byg  n   (and  c)   barley 

bygge  /  (or  bygde,  bygd) 
build 

baer'  abbr.  for  baerer,  see 
baere 

baere  bar  baaret  bear,  car- 
ry, bring,  exhibit,  en- 
dure, (of  a  boat) 
weather  the  sea,  be 
seaworthy;  det  bar  they 
moved,  were  borne;  - 
paa  have  something  on 
one's  mind,  brood  over 
something 

baevre  /  tremble  slightly, 
quiver 

b0ie  b0ide  b0id  bend,  turn, 
bow  down;  —  sig  bend, 
stoop,  droop 

o0lge  /  billow,  heave, 
surge,  toss;  b0lgende 
surging 

b0l'gedrag'  n  —  surf,  swell 

b0n  c  -ner  prayer;  med  — , 

in  prayer,  in  entreaty 

C 

chef   c   -er    (French,    pro- 
nounced    sheff),     chief, 
commander 
D 

da  then,  when,  at  the  time 


-12 


TERJE  VIKEN 


when,  at  that  time,  (1. 
44)  surely 

daad  c  -er  act,  deed,  sig- 
nal deed 

dag  c  -e  day,  daylight 

dagning  c  dawn 

dans  c  -er  dance,  dancing 

datter  c  d0tre  daughter 

de  deres  dem  they,  those, 
the  ones 

De  Deres  Dem  you  (for- 
mal sing  and  pi) 

den  det  de  puss  sing  dets 
the,  it,  that,  that  which, 
what 

denne   dette   pi  disse   this 

der  there,  where,  imper- 
sonal it,  1.  73 

der  rel  who,  which 

der'ef'ter  thereafter,  after 
that 

der'for'  therefore,  for  that 
reason 

der'in'd(e)  in  there 

derindenfor  there  inside, 
there  within 

der'til'  to  it,  besides,  fur- 
thermore 

din  dit  dine  thy,  thine, 
your(s) 

dit'lnd'  thither,  in  there 

djerv  r  brave,  bold,  auda- 
cious 

dog,  yet,  still,  however, 
nevertheless,  for  all 
that,  but 

dont  c  business,  task, 
work 

dra  drog  drat  pull,  tiraw; 
—  i  pull  at 

dravat  c  -er  (sudden)  gale 
(see  note  on  1.  30) 


dreie  /  turn;  —  for  turn 
toward 

drive  drev  drevet  drive, 
drift,  jam;  —  ind  drift  in 

dr0m  c  -me(r)  dream,  vi- 
sion 

du  din  dig  you;  the  archa- 
ic form  jer  is  used  as 
the  dative  pi 

dukke  /  dive,  duck 

dus  see  sus 

duve  /  toss,  pitch 

dyr  r  precious 

daek  n  — •  deck 

d0  d0de   (er)  dpd  die 

d0d  r  dead 

d0d  c  death;  til  d0den  to 
death,  unto  death 

d0ie  /  endure,  weather 

d0nning  c  -er  swell,  wave 

d0r  c  -er  door 


efter- after,  behind 

egen  eget  egne  own,  pe- 
culiar 

ei   (old)  se  ikke 

eller  or;   hverken 

eller  neither nor 

elv  o  -er  river 

en  et  a,  an,  one;  as  nu- 
meral and  indefinite 
pronoun,  en,  ett;  en  in 
1.  1  means  person,  fel- 
low, chap;  med  ett  sud- 
denly, all  at  once 

end  though,  even  though, 
than 

endnu    yet,    still,    to    this 
day,   further,    more;    - 
et    (still)   another 

eneste  (supl  of  en)  only, 
single 


VOCABULARY 


43 


engelsk  —  -e  English 
enkelt  single,  solitary,  oc- 
casional 

erfare  erfor  erfaret  learn, 
experience,  find  out 


faa  few 

faa  fik  faat  get,  receive, 
acquire;  vaere  at  —  to  be 
gotten,  to  be  had,  to  be 
available;  du  faar  ha 
tak  thanks  are  due  you, 
thanks 

falde  faldt  faldt  fall,  ap- 
pear, seem,  strike  as, 
be;  —  let  be  easy 

fang  H  —  lap 

fange  c  -r  prisoner 

fange  7  capture,  catch, 
take  prisoner 

far  e  faedre  father 

fare  for  faret  go,  fare, 
travel,  sail,  fly,  behave, 
act 

farvel'  n  farewell 

fast  almost 

fast —  -e  fast,  secure, 
fixed,  firm 

fatte  7  seize,  grasp;  —  om 
seize 

fattig  —  -e  poor,  humble, 
lowly 

faftigfolk'  n  poor  folks, 
the  poor;  fattigfolks 
jord  potter's  field 

feie  feide  feiet  (feid) 
sweep 

feil  n  —  mistake;  ta  —  be 
mistaken 

fern  five 

femten  fifteen 

fin  r  fine,  dainty,  delicate 


finde  fandt  fundet  find, 
discover,  think,  deem 

fire  firte  fir(e)t  let  down, 
lower 

fisk  c  -er  fish  (sometimes 
used  in  a  .  collective 
sense  as  in  1.  11) 

fiske  7  fish;  —  op  fish  up, 
fish  out 

fjeld   u  fjeld(e)    mountain 

fjerde  fourth 

fjorten  fourteen 

flag  n  —  flag 

flest  (sitpl  of  mange)  som 
-  -  -  er  —  like  the  com- 
mon run 

I  flok  c  -ker  group,  crowd, 
troop,  band,  company 

f  lorn  me  7  stream 

flu  c  -er  half-tide  rock 

flugt  c  flight 

flygtende  fleeting,  scud- 
ding 

flyve  f!0i  f!0iet  fly,  fly 
along 

fok  c  -ker  foresail 

folk   n  —  people,   "folks" 

for  conj  for,  because 

for  for,  before,  with,  to, 
on  account  of,  because 
of,  through  the  influence 
of,  exposed  to 

foreriing  c  union;   Forenin- 

gen  name  of  a  ship 
|  forlate  forlot  forlatt  leave, 

desert 

|  forrykf  —  -e  crazy,  crack- 
brained,  "off",  un- 
balanced 

fort  quickly,  soon 

fortop  c  -per  fore  mast- 
head, fore 


44 


TERJE  VIKEN 


fortsel'le      fortalte      fortalt 

tell,  relate 
foruten  without 
fos  c  -ser  waterfall,  catar- 
act 

fosse  /  foam,  boil 
fot   c   f0tter   foot    (pi    fot 

used  as  unit  of  measure 

in  lines  148  and  174) 
fra    from 

fred   c  peace,  repose 
fregat  c  -ter  frigate 
frelse     c    rescue,     saving, 
(means   of)    preservation 
frelse  //  save,  rescue 
frelst  —  -e  rescued,  saved 
fremmed    —    -e    strange; 

fremmed    c   -e    stranger 
fri  r  free,  clear;  frit  freely, 

calmly 
frisk  /•  fresh,  well,  in  good 

health,  fit,  hearty,  hale, 

strong 

friste  /  experience,  suffer 
frygt  c  fear,  dread,  alarm, 

apprehension 
fryse   fr0s  frosset   freeze 
fugl  c  -er  bird 
fuld  r  full;  i  fulde  fern  for 

fully   five 

faelles  —     —  common 
faengsel  n  faengsler  prison, 

jail 

f0re  //   lead,  carry,  bring 
f0ring  c  -er  cargo,  load 
f0rst  first,  earliest 


gaa  gik  gaat  go,  leave,  set 
out,  pass,  move,  run, 
flow,  happen,  turn  out, 
be  current 


gaard  c  -er  farm,  farm- 
house, building 

gammel  -t  gamle  old 

gang  c  -er  time 

gardiri  n  -er  curtain,  shade 

gavn  n  use,  benefit;  til  — 
of  (any)  use 

gi  gav  git  give;  —  sig  give 
oneself,  trust  oneself 

gift  —  -e  married 

gjengjaeld  c  (and  n)  retri- 
bution, revenge,  neme- 
sis 

gjengjael'delse  r  retribu- 
tion, revenge,  nemesis 

gjennem    through 

gjerning  c  -er  deed,  act 

gjest  c  -er  guest 

gjaelde  gjaldt  gjseldt  con- 
cern, involve 

gj0re  gjorde  gjort  do,  make 

glad e  glad,  happy,  joy- 
ous 

glat te  smooth 

glitre    /   glitter 

glytte  /  peep 

gnistre  /  sparkle,  shine, 
gleam,  flash 

god  r  good,  (romp  and 
*HI>I  bed  re,  bedst,  as 
adjectives  or  adverbs) 

graa  -t  graa  gray,  pale, 
lowering 

graad  (old)  see  graat 

graagaas  c  -gjaes  graylag, 
wild  goose 

graasprsengt' —  -e  mixed 
with  gray,  gray-streaked, 
grizzled,  grayhaired 

graat  c  weeping;  i  — ,  med 
—  in  tears 

grav  c  -er  grave 

gripe    grep    grepet    grasp, 


VOCABULARY 


seize;  —  i  seize,  take 
hold  of 

grov  r  coarse,  rough 

grund  c  -e(r)  ground,  bot- 
tom, shoal 

grus  H  gravel,  sand,  rocks 

gry  n  dawn 

graes   n   grass 

Gud  c  God 

gul   r  yellow,  golden 

guldhaar  H  golden  hair, 
flaxen  hair 

gut  c  -ter  boy 

H 

ha  hadde  hat  have 

haand  c  haender  hand 

haane  haante  haanet  scoff 
(at),  sneer  (at),  taunt 

haar  n  —  hair 

haard  /•  hard 

halm  c  straw,  tuft  of  grass 

halv'glemt  —  -e  half-for- 
gotten 

ban   hans   ham   he 

hast  c  haste,  hurry;  i  en  — 
in  a  hurry,  on  short 
notice 

hat  c  -ter  hat;  ta  til  hat- 
ten,  touch  one's  hat,  lift 
the  hat 

hav  //  —  sea,  ocean,  the 
deep 

hav'blik'sdag'  c  day  of 
dead  calm 

havn   c  -er  haven,  harbor 

hei  c  -er  upland,  ridge, 
mountain  side 

heise  //  hoist,  run  up 

hel  r  whole,  entire 

heist  (s  n  pi  of  gjerne)  espe- 
cially, preferably,  partic- 
ularly 


hen   away;    hvor  — 

hen   in   whatever   direc- 
tion 
i   hente  /  fetch,  bring  away, 

carry  off,  get 
'   her  here 

hesple  7  reel,  wind  up  (see 
note  on  1.  70) 

hevn  c  revenge 

hin  hint  nine  yon(der), 
that 

hjem  »  —  home;  adv  hjem 
homeward,  home;  hjem- 
me  at  home;  staa  hjem- 
me  stay  at  home,  re- 
main at  home 

hjerte  n  -r  heart 

holde  holdt  holdt  hold;  — 
ut  hold  out,  endure 

hos  near,  by,  at,  with,  be- 
side, at  the  house  of 

hugg  n  thrust,  blow, 
stroke 

hugge  7  (pant  sometimes 
hug)  hew,  slash,  jab, 
thrust,  drive  into 

hul  r  hollow,  deep 

hun  hendes  hende  she 

hus  H  house,  cottage 

hustru  c  -er  wife 

hvad  rel  what,  that  which, 
which,  that 

hvas  -t  -se  sharp,  piercing; 
hvast  valiantly,  keenly, 
with  determination 

hver    -t    each,    every;    - 
mand  everybody,    every 
one 

hverken  neither;    hverken 
-    eller    neither 
—  nor 

hvid   (old)  see  hvit 

hvile  c  rest,  repose 


TERJE  VIKEN 


hvis  if,  in  case 

hvit  r  white,  pale 

hvitmalt e  white-paint- 
ed, white 

hvitne  7  become  white, 
turn  pale 

hvor  where,  how;  hvor  — 
—     hen     wherever, 
whithersoever,       which- 
ever  way,    whither 

hvaelv  »  —  arch,  vault, 
vaulted  room 

hytte  c  -r  cabin 

haeve  I  lift,  raise,  take  up 

h0i  r  high,  tall;  h0it  camp 
h0iere,  loud(er);  h0it 
high;  h0it  oppe  far  ad- 
vanced, well  along; 
h0iest  highest,  deepest, 
dire(st)" 

h0re  II  hear 

h0st    c   -er    fall,    autumn; 
om  h0sten  in  the 
autumn 

i  in,  into,  at,  at  the  time 
of,  throughout,  for,  dur- 
ing, on,  upon 

iblandt  among,  intermin- 
gled, scattered  among 

igjen   again,   once  more 

igjennem  through 

ikke    not 

il  c  haste;  med  —  in  haste 

ind    into,    in 

In'denfor'  within,  inside, 
'  further  in,  nearer  shore 

inderst  (sitpl  of  ind)  in- 
nermost; —  derinde  far- 
thest within,  at  the 
furthermost  point  in  the 
bay 


indover  in,  inward(s),  in- 
shore, toward  land 

indtil'  until 

ingen  intet  ingen  adj  no; 
pron  no  one,  nobody; 
intet  nothing 

is  c  -e(r)   ice 


ja   yes,    indeed 

jage  jog  jaget  chase,  pur- 
sue, speed,  flash 

jeg    min    mig   I 

jer   see    du 

jevn   r  even,   steady 

jolle  c  -r  yawl,  jolly-boat, 
a  kind  of  rowboat 

jord  c  earth,  soil,  land, 
ground 

jungmand  c  (Jung  is  Ger- 
man) ordinary  seaman, 
apprentice  on  shipboard 

just  just,  exactly;  —  ei 
not  exactly 

jy(d)sk e  Jutland  (ish) 

K 

kalde    II    call,    name;    - 
for    call 

kammeraf  c  -er  comrade, 
companion,  shipmate, 
friend 

kamp  c  -e(r)  contest,  fight, 
struggle 

kanhaeride  perhaps,  may- 
be, possibly 

kant  c  -er  edge 

kapteih  c  -er  captain 

kind    »  -er  cheek 

kirke  c  -r  church 

kjende  If  know,  be  ac- 
quainted with,  recog- 
nize, feel;  —  sig  feel, 


VOCABULARY 


47 


feel  oneself  to  be;  kjen- 
des  be  seen,  be  apparent 

kjending  c  -er  acquaint- 
ance, friend 

kjaek  -t  -ke  brave,  proud, 
haughty,  arrogant 

kjaempe  c  -r  giant 

kj0rspor    n  wake 

kj0rvanrf  n  wake;  kj0lvan- 
dets  spor,  wake 

kj0pe   //  buy,  purchase 

klar  r  clear,  bright,  fair; 
at  gaa  —  to  clear,  to  get 
around,  to  steer  clear  of 

klarhet  c  clearness,  clarity 

klinge  klang  klinget 
sound,  resound,  ring 
(out),  clank,  clang,  clash 

knegt  c  -er  rascal,  rogue, 
fellow,  chap 

kneise  kneiste  kneiset 
strut,  carry  the  head 
high 

knipe  knep  knepet  pinch; 
da  vaerst  det  knep  when 
the  crisis  was  at  its 
worst,  in  the  worst 
pinch 

knae  n  -r  knee;  i  —  on 
one's  knees,  kneeling 

kommarido  c  command; 
svigte  —  fail  to  respond 
to  the  wheel,  become 
unmanageable,  get  out 
of  hand,  get  beyond  con- 
trol 

komme  kom  kommet  come, 
arrive;  —  fra  leave,  go 
away  from;  —  op  mot 
compare  with;  —  paa 
come  about,  come  to 
pass,  happen 


kommune  c  -r  community, 
parish,  associated  char- 
ities, poorhouse 

kone  c  -r  woman,  wife 

konge  c  -r  king 

korvef  c  -ter  corvet,  sloop 
(of  war) 

koste  /  cost 

krabat  c  -er  fellow,  chap, 
wild  fellow 

kraft  c  krasfter  power, 
might,  strength 

kraftig  —  -e  strong, 
powerful,  able 

kreds  c  -er  circle,  ring, 
circle  of  friends,  as- 
sociates or  acquaint- 
ances 

krig  c  -e  war 

krydser  c  -e  cruiser 

kraeve  krasvde  kraevd  (or 
7)  demand,  demand  re- 
stitution (of) 

kr0ke  II  bend,  bow  down 

kule  /  blow 

kun   only 

kvalm  c  suffocating  air 

kvit  —  -e  (see  note  on  1. 
338) 

kysse  kysset  (or  kyste) 
kys(se)t  kiss 

kyst  c  -er  coast,  shore, 
strand 


la(te)    lot    latt   let,   leave, 

allow 
lag  H  — ;   gi  det  glatte  — 

give  a  broadside,  fire  a 

salute 

lakke    I    (impersonal)    ap- 
'  proach,  draw  nigh 


TERJE  VIKEN 


land  //  land(e)  land,  coun- 
try 

landjorcf  c  land,  dry  land 

landlov  »  shore  leave,  fur- 
lough 

lang  r  long;  laengere  far- 
ther, further;  ei  laenge- 
re no  further,  no  other; 
laa  laengst  i  havn  had 
been  long  in  the  harbor, 
had  been  at  anchor  in 
the  harbor  for  some  time 

lang'gruncf  c  '  long  sand 
bank  or  reef 

larm   c  noise,   roar,  rush 

last  c  -er  burden,  load, 
cargo 

lav  r  low 

le  lo  ledd  laugh,  smile;  det 
lo  there  was  a  laugh 

led  c  fairway,  inshore 
channel,  still  water  be- 
tween sunken  rocks  and 
shore 

let te  easy;  falde  —  be 

easy 

lette  /  lift 

leve  7  (or  levde  levd)  live, 
exist 

lid   (old)   see  lit 

lide  led  ledet  (of  time) 
wear  on,  approach 

lide  led  lidt  suffer,  endure 

ligge  laa  ligget  lie,  be 
situated,  rest;  —  med 
fisk  be  at  the  wharf 
with  fish  for  sale 

lik  ;•  like 

likesom  as  it  were,  so  to 
speak,  as  though 

Mile  see   liten 


lin  «  flax,  yarn 

Imrfveirsb0r  c  mild  weath- 
er  breeze(s),    soft 
.  wind(s) 

lit  c  confidence,  faith, 
trust 

liten  litet  «l<  f  Mile)  /,' 
smaa  little,  small,  tiny; 
litt  a  little 

litt  ad  i-  (a)  little,  a  trifle, 
a  little  way,  a  short  dis- 
tance 

liv  n  —  life,  excitement, 
animation,  waist;  ha  — 
live 

lods  o  -er  pilot 

los(s)  lost  losse  loose, 
free;  komme  —  get 
free,  push  off 

lukke  /  close,  shut;  lukt 
closed 

luvart;   til — ,  to  windward 

lyde   I0d   lydt  sound 

lykke  c  chance,  luck,  hap- 
piness 

lyn  n  —  flash  of  lightning 

lys  /•  light,  fair 

lyse  //  shine,  (of  the 
dawn)  break;  lysende 
bright,  sunny 

lyst  c  -er  pleasure,  delight, 
joy 

lyst  re  /  obey,  answer  the 
helm 

lae  «  lee;  i  —  (to)  leeward 

laegge  la  lagt  lay,  place; 
lagdes,  was  buried,  wa? 
laid  to  rest 

laenges  laengtes  (bar)  laen- 
ges  long,  long  for,  pine; 
—  hjem  long  for  home, 
be  homesick 


VOCABULARY 


laeng'selsblik'  n  —  longing 

look 
I0fte    I    lift;     hans    hjerte 

Ipftet  sig  his  heart  grew 

light 
I0p  n  —  course,  approach, 

channel,   fairway 
Ipse  //  loose,  free 
I0sne  /  loosen,  melt,  break 

up 

M 

maaneskiriskvelcf  c  -er 
moonlit  evening 

maatte  maa  maatte  maat- 
tet  must,  have  to,  be 
obliged 

mager  -t  magre  thin,  ema- 
ciated 

magt  r  power,  force, 
strength,  upper  hand 

mak  r  ease;  i  —  at  ease, 
in  a  leisurely  manner 

mand  c  msend  d>l  mand 
when  used  of  groups  of 
men  in  a  military  or 
naval  sense,  as  in  1.  157) 
man 

mange  many 

mangen  mangt  mange 
many  a 

mast  c  -er  mast 

mat  —  -te  faint,  feeble 

matros  c  -er  sailor,  mariner 

med  with,  together  with, 
too,  regarding,  in 

mellem  between,  among 

men  but 

men  c  and  H  harm,  hurt, 
injury,  damage 

mene  II  mean,  think,  be- 
lieve, be  of  the  opinion 


]   menneske     n     -r     person, 
man,  human  being 

mens  while 

mers  n  — ;  fra  —  from,  on 
the  lookout  (see  note  on 
1.  108) 

mig  see  jeg 

mildt  gently 

min  mit  mine  my,  mine; 
alt  mit,  everything  of 
mine,  everything  I  pos- 
sess(ed) 

minde  n  -r  memory,  recol- 
lection,  remembrance 
|   mindes  mindtes  (har)  min- 
des  remember,  recollect 

mindre,  mindst  conip  and 
xii  pi  of  liten;  mindre 
nflr  less 

miste  I  lose,  miss 

misvekst  c  bad  harvest, 
crop  failure 

moder    (old)    see    mor 

modig  —  -e  brave,  cour- 
ageous, plucky 

mor  (older  moder)  c  m0- 
dre  mother 

morgen  r  -er  morning 

morild  c  phosphorescence, 
sea  fire 

mot  toward,  against,  at, 
(just)  before 

mund   f  -e(r)    mouth,   lips 

m0te  If  meet 

N 

naar  when,  whenever 
nakke   c  -r     neck,     shoul- 

der(s);      bsere      nakken 

carry  one's  head 
nat  e   nagtter  night 
navn  »  —  name,  fame 


50 


TERJE  VIKEN 


ned(e)  down 

negl  c  -er  nail,  finger  nail 

nei  no,  well 

ni   nine 

nogen  noget  nogen  some, 
any;  (et)  noget.  some- 
thing 

nok  probably,  undoubtedly, 
no  doubt,  I  suppose,  I 
dare  say,  apparently,  to 
be  sure 

Norge    »   Norway 

norsk  —  -e  Norse,  Norwe- 
gian 

nu  now,  by  now,  by  this 
time 

ny  r  new;  paa  —  anew, 
once  more 

naer  near,  near  to;  naer 
ved,  near  to;  nasrmest, 
nearest,  closest,  most 
intimate 

n0d  c  need,  want,  distress 

ndd'skrik'  n  —  cry  of  dis- 
tress 

n0gen      -t     n0gne     naked, 
bare,   barren,   bleak 
O 

officer  c  -er  officer,  com- 
mander 

og  and,  also,  likewise 

om  about,  around,  of,  re- 
garding, in,  during,  on 

om  if,  in   case 

ombord'  on  board,  aboard 

omsider  at  length,  even- 
tually, at  last 

ond  r  bad.  evil,  trouble- 
some; ondt  evil,  harm; 
ondt  badly 

op(pe)  up,  upon 

opover  upward  (s) 


ord    n  —  word 

os  see  vi 

over     over,  across,  above, 

past 

p 

paa  on,  upon,  for,  in 
paalandsveir  n  sea  breeze; 

i  —  when  the  sea  breeze 

blows 

pande  c  -r  forehead,  brow 
patent    n    -er    certificate, 

license 
pike  c  -r  girl 
pi  I  c  -er  arrow 
pipe     pep     pepet    whistle, 

shriek,  howl,  rage 
planke  c  -r  plank,  board 
plet  c  -ter  place,  spot 
praegtig  —  -e  magnificent, 

splendid,  fine 


raad     c     and  H  —  or     -er 
plan,       expedient,       re- 
course, way,  means 
rand  c  -er  edge,  ridge,  line, 

stripe 

rank  r  straight,  erect 
rase  raste  raset  rage 
rat   n   —   wheel,    steering 

wheel 

reis  c   (fam)    trip,  voyage 
reise    //     travel,     go,     go 

away,    leave 
rev  n  —  reef 
revne   /   tear 
rev  net  —  -de  riven 
rif'leskud'  n  —  rifle  shot. 

report  of  a  rifle 
rigdom  r  riches,  wealth 
rik   ?•  rich,  well-to-do,  for- 
tunate, favored 


VOCABULARY 


51 


rinde  randt  rundet  run, 
rise 

ringe poor,  insignifi- 
cant, little 

ro  c  rest,  repose,  peace, 
contentment 

ro  777  row 

rolig    —    -e     quiet,     calm 

rope  II  call,  cry,  shout 

ror  /;  —  rudder,  helm 

ros  c  praise,  glory,  renown 

rov  n  pillage,  robbery; 
paa  —  in  search  of 
prey,  plundering 

rute  c  -er  pane,  window- 
pane 

ryg  c  -ger  back,  ridge,  top 

ryste  7  shake;  -  av 
shake  off,  throw  off 

raedsel  c  terror,  fright 

raekke  rak  rukket  reach, 
extend;  —  sig  reach,  ex- 
tend 

raeling  c  -er  gunwale,  gun- 
nel, rail 

r0be  r0bte  r0bet  betray, 
discover 

r0d  r  red,  ruddy 

r0d'malt' e  painted  red, 

red 

r0gte  7  care  for,  attend  to, 
mind 

r0mme  r0mte  r0mt  de- 
camp, run  away,  flee, 
desert  (a  ship) 

S 

saa  so,  then,  thus,  as,  so 
that;  (sometimes  a  mere 
connective  which  need 
not  be  translated) 

sabel  c  sabler  sword,  saber 


sadel    (def   sadlen)    sadler 

saddle;      Imenes-sadlen, 

name    of    a    peak  (see 

note  on  1.  125) 
saga  c  -er  story,  tale 
sagn  H  —  tradition,  story 
sagtens  no   doubt,   I   dare 

say,  to  be  sure 
samme  —  —  same;    i   — 

stund  at  that  instant 
samt  together  with 
sand  r  true 

sang  c  -er  song,  singing 
savn  n  —  privation,  want, 

shortage 
se  saa  set  see,  look,  look 

upon 
seierssalut  c  -ter  salute  of 

victory 
seil  M  —  sail 
seile  7  or  77  sail 
seirende  conquering 
selv  adr  even 
selv  pron  self,  himself;  for 

sig  —  for,  to  himself 
sende   II  send,   cast,  give 

forth,    utter 
si(e)  sa  (sagde)   sagt  say, 

tell;  der  siges  it  is  said; 

der  sagdes   it   was   said 
siden     since,   later,   after- 
wards, by  and  by;  sidst 

last 
sig    (3rd  per  refl)   oneself, 

itself,    himself,    herself, 

themselves 
signal'  n  -er  signal 
silke  c  silk 
sin  sit  sine  his,  her(s),  its, 

their(s) 
sind      n   —    mind,     spirit, 

purpose 


52 


TERJE  VIKEN 


sitte  sat  sittet  sit,  remain, 

stay,  be 

sj0  t-  -er  sea,  ocean,  water 
sj0'gang'     c     heavy     sea, 

surge,  waves 
skaft   n   —   or  -er     shaft, 

handle 

skape  //  make,  create 
skar  n  —  cleft,  gap,  notch 
skat  c  -te(r)    treasure 
skimte  /  see  dimly,  catch 

a  glimpse  of 
skinne  /  shine,  be  light 
skjegte    c  -r   small,     light 

sailboat,    skiff 
skjemtsom   -t  -me  jesting, 

joking,  playful 
skjule  //  hide,  conceal 
skjaer     n   —  rock,     shelf, 

ledge   of    rock,    skerry, 

rocky    isle 
skj0nt   (al)though 
skj0t  ii  -er  sheet,  the  rope 

which     holds     the     sail 

firmly  aft 
skj0tte  /  care  for,  attend 

to 

skodde  c  -r  fog,  mist 
skotte   /  glance 
skral  r  scant (y),  weak 
skridt  H  —  step 
skrift     c     script,     writing, 

letters,   inscription 
skrike   skrek   skreket  cry, 

cry  out,  shout 
skulle   skal   skulde   skullet 

be  about  to,  be  going  to; 

skal  shall,  is  to,  are  to; 

skulde  (1.  21)  if  it  should 
skum'hvit'   r  white  as  foam. 

foamy  white 


skum'klaedt'  —  -e   covered 

with  foam,  foamy 
skure     /      scour,      scrape, 

grate 

sky  c  -er  cloud 
sky  —      -   (e)    frightened, 

terrified 

skyet de  cloudy,  cloud- 
flecked,  overcast 
skyldner  c  -e  debtor 
slaa  slog   slaat  strike;   — 

sig  gjennem   fight  one's 

way    through;    —    sig    i 

splinter     dash    itself  to 

pieces 
slag  n  • —  blow,  stroke;   — 

for  —  by   tacking 
slegt    c    -er     family,     kin, 

kindred,   relatives 
slik  r  such;  slik   («</r)  so, 

thus,  in  such  a  way 
slippe  slap  sluppet  let  go 
slite  slet  slitt  toil,  drudge 
slutning   r  -er  end,   close; 

til  —  finally,  at  length 
slaep  H  —  train,  tow;   paa 

—  in  tow;   see  note  on 

1.   358 

smaa  see  liten 
I  smil   H  —  smile 
|  smile  IT  smile 
smuk   -t  -ke  handsome 
smul  r  calm 
i  sol   c  -e(r)   sun 
sol  brand  c  the  sun's  rays. 

heat  of  the  sun 
sol'gangsvind'        c        solar 

breeze;    see   note   on   1. 

138 

sol'skiri  »  sunshine 
som  rcl  who.  which,  that; 

conj  as,  like,  as  it  were; 


TERJE  VIKEN 


53 


da    var    det   —    then    it 
was  as  if 

sorg  c  -er  sorrow,  grief, 
care,  depression 

sort  —  -e  black 

sott  c  sickness,  disease, 
epidemic 

spant  n  spant(er)  frame- 
timber,  rib(s) 

splint   c   -er    splinter 

spor  n  —  track,  wake 

spot  c  mockery,  derision, 
jeering 

sprang  n  —  spring,  bound 

springe  sprang  sprunget 
spring,  jump,  leap,  spurt 
(forth) ;  —  ut  jump  out, 
leap  out 

spr0it  »  gush,  gushing, 
spurt,  spout 

spr0ite  /  spray,  swirl, 
churn 

sp0ke  II  joke,  jest 

staa  stod  staat  stand,  re- 
main, be; —  fra  land  put 
out,  move  away  from 
land;  —  hos,  be  present, 
be  with;  —  ind  rush  in; 
—  til  havs  put  out  to  sea 

stag  n — ;   gaa  over — tack 

stags'eil'strop'  c  -per  stay- 
sail rope 

stakket de  brief,  short 

staut e  sturdy,  stalwart 

stavn    c  -er  prow 

stede  II  admit;  stedes  i 
be  exposed  to,  be  re- 
duced to,  be  forced  to 
endure 

stemme  c  -r  voice 

stemme    II  brace 


stenet de  stony,  full  of 

stones 

sterk  r  strong,  powerful, 
sturdy 

stige  steg  steget  step, 
walk;  —  i  land  disem- 
bark, land,  go  ashore 

stille  —  —  (neuter  some- 
times stilt)  still,  quiet, 
peaceful;  stilt  or  stille 
quietly,  peacefully 

stirre  7  stare,  look  fixedly, 
gaze 

stiv  r  stiff 

stolt e  proud,  exultant, 

mighty 

stoppe    /   stop,   halt 

stor  r  big,  large,  great, 
mighty,  tall,  puffed  up; 
stort  much 

storm  c  -er  storm 

stormand  c  mighty  man, 
grandee 

storm'nat'  c  stormy  night, 
night  of  storm 

stor'seiP  n  —  mainsail 

strand  r,  -e  strand,  shore, 
beach 

strid  c  -er  strife,  struggle 

strid   r  coarse,  bristly 

stryke  str0k  str0ket  stroke 

stue  c  -r  room,  house 

stund  r  -er  time,  while, 
hour,  period,  moment 

stundom  sometimes,  at 
times 

sture  /  be  sad,  be  deject- 
ed, pine,  brood 

styg  -t  -ge  naughty,  ugly; 
stygt  in  an  ugly  way, 
menacingly 


TERJE  VIKEN 


staenge   //   lock,  blockade, 

bottle  up 

st^tte   7   support;     st0ttet 
til  leaning  upon,  braced 
against 
suite  /  go  hungry,  suffer 

hunger,  starve 
sund  «  —  sound 
sunken   see   synke 
sus  c  and  n  roaring;  —  og 
dus    revelry 

svensk e  Swedish 

svigte   I  fail,     fail   to   re- 
spond, give,    give    way, 
yield 
svik  c  deceit,  fraud;    med 

—  deceitfully 
svinge   svinget    (or    sving- 
te)    svingt  swing,  wave, 
lift 
svaer    r    heavy,      difficult, 

hard 
svpmme    7      (poetic      past 

svam)   swim,  float 
sydvesf     c      south  wester, 

sailor's  hat 
syk   r  sick 

synge  sang  sunget  sing 
synke    sank    sunket    sink; 

sunken    sunken 
saelge   solgte   solgt   sell 
saenke  7  and  77  sink,  bring 
low;  —  paa  grund  drag 
in  the  dust 

saer  r    strange,    singular; 
fandt  saert     thought     it 
strange 
saet     n  —   manner,     way 

(see  note  on  1.  49) 
son  c  -ner  son 
sbridagskvelrf    c    -er    Sun- 
day evening 


spr  (fain)  adc  south:  mot 
—  south,  southward,  in 
a  southerly  direction,  to 
the  south 


ta  tok  tat  take;  —  til 
seize,  grasp,  touch,  ap- 
ply oneself  to;  —  fell  be 
mistaken;  —  til  sig  selv 
keep  to  oneself 
taaket  misty,  wrapped  in 

mist,  foggy 
taare  c  -r  tear 
tag    (old)    see    tak 
tak  ti  —  roof 
tak    c   thanks;     ha    —    be 

thanked 
takke  7  thank 
ti    for,    (poetic)    therefore. 

consequently,  hence 
tid  c  -er  time,  period 
tidlig  early 

tidt  tiere  tiest  often;  som 
tiest,  oftener  than  not, 
usually 

tie  tidde  (taug)  tidd  (tiet) 
be  silent,  become  silent, 
hold  one's  peace 
til  to,  for,  toward,  against 
tilbake  back 
tilhavs  to  sea 
tilknaes  to  the  knees,  knee- 
deep 

tilslut  finally,    at  length 
time   c  -r    hour 
tind  c  -er  peak 
tindre  7  shine,  glisten 
to  two 

tofte  c  -r  seat  in  a  row- 
boat 


VOCABULARY 


51 


top  c  -per  top,  surface, 
summit,  peak 

tre   three 

tres  sixty;  see  note  on  1. 
27 

tro  c  faith 

tro  —    —  faithful,  true 

tro  ///  believe,  think 

trods   c  defiance 

tryg  -t  -ge  safe,  sure,  con- 
fident, self-reliant,  as- 
sured 

traek  H  —  expression,  feat- 
ures, mien 

traelle  /  slave,  toil,  drudge 

traeng'selskaar'  n  —  condi- 
tions of  hardship,  dis- 
tress 

traet te  tired,  weary 

tr0stig  confidently,  hope- 
fully 

tung  r  heavy,  dull,  gloomy, 
dreary 

tvers:   paa  —  athwart 

tykkes  tyktes  (har)  tyk- 
kes  seem,  think,  deem, 
be  of  the  opinion 

t0nde  c  -r  barrel 

t0r  -t  -re  dry,  tiresome, 
tedious 

t0rne  /  turn,  run  aground, 
strike  a  rock;  —  mot 
strike  against 


ubaendig e  indomitable, 

dauntless 
ud   (old)   see  ut 
under  under,   beneath;   - 

sig  under  his  feet 
underlig  —  -e  strange,  pe- 


culiar,     singular,      odd, 

queer 

un'derveis'  on  the  way 
ung  r  (comp  and  supl  yng- 

re,   yngst)    young 
ungdom    c     youth,     young 

person(s) 

uret  c  wrong,  injustice 
urolig e  uneasy,  stormy, 

rough 
ut  out 

uten    without 
uveir  »   stormy     weather, 

storm,  tempest 
uveirssky      c      -er      storm 

cloud 


vaar  c  -er  spring,  spring- 
time 

vand  n  water 

ve  c  woe,  anguish 

ved    by,    at,    near,    beside 

vegt  c  -er  weight 

vei   c  -er  way,  direction 

veie  I  weigh,  be  of  import 
ance 

veir  n  weather  (pronoun- 
ced vaer) 

veire  /:  -  -  bort,  blow 
away,  waft  away,  dispel 

veir'haard*  •/•  weather- 
beaten,  wind-swept,  ex- 
posed to  wind  and 
weather 

vek  r  weak 

vel  probably,  no  doubt,  I 
dare  say,  indeed,  to  be 
sure,  rathef,  quite,  fully 

vel'klaedt e   well-dressed 

vende  /  turn;  —  sig  turn, 
turn  about 


TERJE  VIKEN 


venstre left;   den  — 

the  left  hand 
vente  /  wait;  —  paa,  wait 

for 

verden   c  -er  world 
vest  west,  westward 
vester  in  the  west;  mot  — 

westward 
vi  vor  os  we 
vid  ;•  wide;    vidt  far   (and 

wide) 
vift  n  —  breath,  blowing, 

blast 
vild    r   wild,   unruly;    vildt 

wildly,  madly 
vind    c   -e(r)    wind,    gale; 

for  vinden   before  or  in 

the   wind 
vinde    vandt   vundet    win; 

—  sig  make  way,  make 
headway,  forge  ahead 

vinter  c  vintre(r)   winter 

vise  c  -r  song,   ditty 

vise  II  show 

viss  r  certain,  sure,  cor- 
rect; visst  certainly, 
surely 

vite  vet  visste  visst  know 

viv  f  wife 

vokse  vokste  vokset  grow; 

—  sig  grow,  grow  up 
void  c  force,  power;  gi  sig 

lykken  i  —  throw  one- 
self upon  the  mercy  of 
chance 

volde  II  cause,  bring 
about,  wreak 


Vorherre  c  Our  Lord;  Vor- 
herres  gjest,  angel 

vrak  it  —  wreck 

vugge   <•  -r  cradle 

vugge    /   rock 

vasbnet  —  -de   armed 

vaek   away 

vaelge  valgte  valgt  choose, 
select 

vaere  er  var  vaeret  be 

vaerre,  vaerst  fomp  and 
xii lil  of  ond(t) 


yacht  c  yacht 

yngst  see  ung 

ytterst  (siijjl  of  ut)  out- 
most, farthest,  most  dis- 
tant 

/E 

aerb0d'ig  respectfully,  re- 
verently 

aesing  c  -er  gunwale,  gun- 
nel, edge  or  side  of  a 
boat 

0 

0  c  -er  island,  isle,  islet 

0ie   n   0ine    eye 

0ieblik'  n  —  moment,  in- 
stant 

0rn  c  -e  eagle 

6rne0ie  n  -0ine  eagle  eye, 
sharp  eye 

ostenfor  east  of 

bster  archaic  <ulr  (the) 
east 


A     000024354     3 


